Abstract: A method of determines one or more voltage threshold values for controlling a cooling of battery cells. The method includes determining, during e.g. charging of the battery cells, a charging voltage threshold value for starting or increasing a battery cell cooling, corresponding to a voltage across a reference set of battery cells at which a rate of change of temperature with respect to voltage of the reference set goes above a charging temperature rate threshold value. A method for using such one or more voltage threshold values for controlling a cooling of the battery cells, by comparing a measured voltage across the battery cells against the voltage threshold value(s) is also provided.

Abstract: A method of determining ageing of a mixed electrode of a full cell lithium ion battery is presented. The method includes obtaining a voltage hysteresis of the full cell lithium ion battery by comparison of a charging voltage to a discharging voltage at a specific state of charge, SOC. The specific SOC is in a range from 0% to 20% of a maximum SOC. The method further includes determining ageing of a volume expanding component of the mixed electrode based on the obtained voltage hysteresis.

Abstract: A method for determining an electrical energy storage pack replacement configuration of a propulsion electrical energy storage of a vehicle, the method includes: classifying a vehicle usage type using vehicle driving pattern data of the vehicle as input data; determining a minimum state of health required for usage according to the classified vehicle usage type; determining a state of health of each of the electrical energy storage packs of the vehicle; concluding a replacement of the electrical energy storage packs having state of health lower than the minimum state of health; determining a load distribution between electrical energy storage packs after reconfiguration including replacement electrical energy storage packs and maintained electrical energy storage packs; and once electrical energy storage pack replacement is performed, determining a load sharing factor indicative of a load distribution between the electrical energy storage packs, and depending on the outcome of comparing the load sharing facto

Abstract: A method for determining a remaining useful lifetime of a propulsion battery of a vehicle. The method includes constructing a voltage feature vector from voltage data of a charging event for the battery, mapping the voltage feature vector to a battery state of health model including an aging mode distribution of different battery aging mechanisms to determine state of health parameters and the present aging mode distribution of the battery; predicting the remaining useful lifetime (RUL) using a physical aging model with the state of health parameters and the present aging mode distribution as inputs to the physical aging model.