Abstract: A purified glycoprotein complex of over 1200 kD apparent native molecular weight having a sedimentation value of approtely 25S and having the ability to selectively bind human Mac-2 or interfere with PHA activation of lymphocytes, DNA sequences that encode the protein, and expression systems for expressing it, thus providing for medicaments that are useful for treating or diagnosing diseases, including cancer, infectious disease, and diseases of the immune system.

Abstract: A purified glycoprotein complex of over 1200 kD apparent native molecular weight having a sedimentation value of approximately 25S and having the ability to selectively bind human Mac-2 or interfere with PHA activation of lymphocytes, DNA sequences that encode the protein, and expression systems for expressing it, thus providing for medicaments that are useful for treating or diagnosing diseases, including cancer, infectious disease, and diseases of the immune system.

Abstract: A purified glycoprotein complex of over 1200 kD apparent native molecular weight having a sedimentation value of approximately 25S and having the ability to selectively bind human Mac-2 or interfere with PHA activation of lymphocytes, DNA sequences that encode the protein, and expression systems for expressing it, thus providing for reagents that are useful for treating or diagnosing diseases, including cancer, infectious disease, and diseases of the immune system, and for monitoring the concentration of the glycoprotein in human milk.

Abstract: A purified glycoprotein complex of over 1200 kD apparent native molecular weight having a sedimentation value of approximately 25S and having the ability to selectively bind human Mac-2 or interfere with PHA activation of lymphocytes, DNA sequences that encode the protein, and expression systems for expressing it, thus providing for medicaments that are useful for treating or diagnosing diseases, including cancer, infectious disease, and diseases of the immune system.

Abstract: Recombinant DNA sequences encoding the DNA polymerase activity of Pyrodictium species can be used to construct recombinant vectors and transformed host cells for production of the activity. Pyrodictium enzymes for catalyzing 3'.fwdarw.5' exonuclease activity, i.e., proofreading enzymes, are also provided. The Pyrodictium enzymes are useful in DNA amplification procedures and are not irreversibly inactivated by exposure to 100.degree. C. in a polymerase chain reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining the amount of a target acid segment in a sample by polymerase chain reaction. The method involves the simultaneous amplification or the target nucleic acid segment and an internal standard nucleic acid segment. The amount of amplified DNA from each segment is determined and compared to standard curves to determine the amount of the target nucleic acid segment present in the sample prior to amplification. The method is especially preferred for determining the quantity of a specific mRNA species in a biological sample. Additionally, an internal standard is provided useful for quantitation of multiple mRNA species.

Abstract: A colony stimulating factor. CSF-1, is a lymphokine useful in overcoming the immunosuppression induced by chemotherapy or resulting from other causes. CSF-1 is obtained in usable amounts by recombinant methods, including cloning and expression of the murine and human DNA sequences encoding this protein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining the amount of a target acid segment in a sample by polymerase chain reaction. The method involves the simultaneous amplification of the target nucleic acid segment and an internal standard nucleic acid segment. The amount of amplified DNA from each segment is determined and compared to standard curves to determine the amount of the target nucleic acid segment present in the sample prior to amplification. The method is especially preferred for determining the quantity of a specific mRNA species in a biological sample. Additionally, an internal standard is provided useful for quantitation of multiple mRNA species.

Abstract: Muteins of biologically active proteins such as IFN-.beta. and IL-2 in which cysteine residues that are not essential to biological activity have been deleted or replaced with other amino acids to eliminate sites for intermolecular crosslinking or incorrect intramolecular disulfide bridge formation. These muteins are made via bacterial expression of mutant genes that encode the muteins that have been synthesized from the genes for the parent proteins by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis.

Abstract: A colony stimulating factor, CSF-1, is a lymphokine useful in overcoming the immunosuppression induced by chemotherapy or resulting from other causes. CSF-1 is obtained in usable amounts by recombinant methods, including cloning and expression of the murine and human DNA sequences encoding this protein.

Abstract: A biologically active reference therapeutic protein is protected against oxidation by a method involving substituting a conservative amino acid for each methionyl residue susceptible to chloramine T or peroxide oxidation, wherein additional, non-susceptible methionyl residues are not so substituted. The oxidation-resistant mutein so produced is preferably a human mutein of interleukin-2 or interferon-.beta., and the conservative amino acid is most preferably alanine.

Abstract: Human Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been prepared using recombinant methods. A human promyelocytic leukemia cell line has been induced using an improved induction procedure, and the TNF purified to homogeneity. Methods, vectors, and cells useful in obtaining human TNF in practical amounts are disclosed. Muteins having N-terminal deletions, which muteins have superior biological activity, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been prepared using recombinant methods. A human promyelocytic leukemia cell line has been induced using an improved induction procedure, and the TNF purified to homogeneity. Methods, vectors, and cells useful in obtaining human TNF in practical amounts are disclosed. Muteins having N-terminal deletions, which muteins have superior biological activity, are also disclosed.