Abstract: An inward-firing combustion burner, includes a burner casing configured to receive a fuel-air mixture at a burner inlet and to provide hot combustion gas at a burner output, a combustion substrate disposed within the burner casing, the substrate having a shape comprising at least a semi-cone or a flat surface or equivalent shape, having a substrate porosity defined by a plurality of pores, and having a substrate inner surface and a substrate outer surface, the substrate configured to receive the fuel-air mixture at the outer surface of the substrate, the fuel-air mixture passing through the pores at a mixture flow rate from the substrate outer surface toward the substrate inner surface, and the burner configured such that, in operation, the fuel-air mixture ignites near the plurality of pores to form a respective plurality of flamelets, each flamelet corresponding to one of the pores.

Abstract: A burner combustion system comprising: a burner casing comprising a first inlet and a first outlet; a combustion substrate disposed in the burner casing, wherein the combustion substrate is porous, and wherein the burner casing first outlet is disposed on an exterior of the combustion substrate; an inlet conduit disposed in the burner casing, the conduit comprising a second inlet and second outlet, wherein the second inlet of the conduit is outside the burner casing, and, wherein the second outlet of the conduit is connected to the burner casing first inlet, and wherein the combustion substrate may have a flat shape and wherein the burner combustion system may further comprise a baffle.

Abstract: An inward-firing combustion burner, includes a burner casing configured to receive a fuel-air mixture at a burner inlet and to provide hot combustion gas at a burner output, a combustion substrate disposed within the burner casing, the substrate having a shape comprising at least a semi-cone or a flat surface or equivalent shape, having a substrate porosity defined by a plurality of pores, and having a substrate inner surface and a substrate outer surface, the substrate configured to receive the fuel-air mixture at the outer surface of the substrate, the fuel-air mixture passing through the pores at a mixture flow rate from the substrate outer surface toward the substrate inner surface, and the burner configured such that, in operation, the fuel-air mixture ignites near the plurality of pores to form a respective plurality of flamelets, each flamelet corresponding to one of the pores.

Abstract: An inward-firing combustion burner, includes a burner casing configured to receive a fuel-air mixture at a burner inlet and to provide hot combustion gas at a burner output, a combustion substrate disposed within the burner casing, the substrate having a shape comprising at least a semi-cone or a flat surface, having a substrate porosity defined by a plurality of pores, and having a substrate inner surface and a substrate outer surface, the substrate configured to receive the fuel-air mixture at the outer surface of the substrate, the fuel-air mixture passing through the pores at a mixture flow rate from the substrate outer surface toward the substrate inner surface, and the burner configured such that, in operation, the fuel-air mixture ignites near the plurality of pores to form a respective plurality of flamelets, each flamelet corresponding to one of the pores.

Abstract: An inward-firing combustion burner, includes a burner casing configured to receive a fuel-air mixture at a burner inlet and to provide hot combustion gas at a burner output, a combustion substrate disposed within the burner casing, the substrate having a shape comprising at least a semi-cone or a flat surface or equivalent shape, having a substrate porosity defined by a plurality of pores, and having a substrate inner surface and a substrate outer surface, the substrate configured to receive the fuel-air mixture at the outer surface of the substrate, the fuel-air mixture passing through the pores at a mixture flow rate from the substrate outer surface toward the substrate inner surface, and the burner configured such that, in operation, the fuel-air mixture ignites near the plurality of pores to form a respective plurality of flamelets, each flamelet corresponding to one of the pores.

Abstract: A fluid heating system assembly includes a first tube sheet, a second tube sheet opposite the first sheet, a plurality heat exchanger tubes, which connect the first tube sheet and the second tube sheet, and a plurality of baffles, comprising at least one plate baffle and at least one annular baffle disposed between the first tube sheet and the second tube sheet, wherein the heat exchanger tubes sealingly pass through the baffles, and wherein the tubes are arranged in a staggered ring configuration and the baffles have a baffle spacing, such that there is a substantially uniform temperature distribution and efficient exchange of thermal energy across the heat exchanger tube walls.

Abstract: An inward-firing dual fuel combustion burner system comprising a burner casing configured to receive a gaseous mixture at a burner inlet and to provide hot combustion gas at a burner output; a combustion substrate disposed within the burner casing, the substrate having a shape comprising at least a semi-cone, having a substrate angle measured from a longitudinal axis, having a substrate porosity defined by a plurality of pores, and having a substrate inner surface and a substrate outer surface; the substrate configured to receive the fuel-air mixture at the outer surface of the substrate, the fuel-air mixture passing through the pores at a mixture flow rate from the substrate outer surface toward the substrate inner surface; one or a plurality of oil nozzles disposed within the combustion cavity defined by the substrate in fluidic communication with a source of pre-heated and pre-pressurized oil fuel, an oil nozzle configured to receive the oil fuel and disperse the oil fuel into the cavity; the burner config

Abstract: An inward-firing combustion burner, includes a burner casing configured to receive a fuel-air mixture at a burner inlet and to provide hot combustion gas at a burner output, a combustion substrate disposed within the burner casing, the substrate having a shape comprising at least a semi-cone or a flat surface, having a substrate porosity defined by a plurality of pores, and having a substrate inner surface and a substrate outer surface, the substrate configured to receive the fuel-air mixture at the outer surface of the substrate, the fuel-air mixture passing through the pores at a mixture flow rate from the substrate outer surface toward the substrate inner surface, and the burner configured such that, in operation, the fuel-air mixture ignites near the plurality of pores to form a respective plurality of flamelets, each flamelet corresponding to one of the pores.