Abstract: The present invention relates to a multilayer composite material comprising: a base layer a metallic layer consisting of an insulating matrix phase and of a metallic particles phase, said metallic particles being distributed in the insulating matrix, wherein a volume fraction ? being the ratio between the volume of metallic particles and the volume of the metallic layer corresponds to a critical volume fraction ?*+??, with 0<???5%, the critical volume fraction ?* being the volume fraction for which an increase of conductivity of the metallic layer as a function of the volume fraction ? has a maximum value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multilayer composite material comprising: —a base layer—a metallic layer consisting of an insulating matrix phase and of a metallic particles phase, said metallic particles being distributed in the insulating matrix, wherein a volume fraction ? being the ratio between the volume of metallic particles and the volume of the metallic layer corresponds to a critical volume fraction ?*+??, with 0<???5%, the critical volume fraction ?* being the volume fraction for which an increase of conductivity of the metallic layer as a function of the volume fraction ? has a maximum value.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a spin-polarized electron injector using a semiconductor tip, in which tip the injected electrons are photocreated by a circularly polarized light excitation incident on the rear of the tip. This tip is supported by a transparent lever or cantilever and undergoes a surface treatment for the purpose of removing the surface oxide layer, to prevent said layer from reforming and to improve the proportion of injected electrons.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical system comprises a deformable portion and at least one stress sensor fixedly attached to the deformable portion. The sensor itself comprises a base portion and a shunt portion juxtaposed on the deformable portion, and connections arranged to detect a change of a distribution of an electric current in the base and shunt portions. Such a system is suitable for many applications, in particular for forming a portion of an arm of an atomic force microscope or for entering into the constitution of a bio sensor.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a spin-polarized electron injector using a semiconductor tip, in which tip the injected electrons are photocreated by a circularly polarized light excitation incident on the rear of the tip. This tip is supported by a transparent lever or cantilever and undergoes a surface treatment for the purpose of removing the surface oxide layer, to prevent said layer from reforming and to improve the proportion of injected electrons.