Abstract: A method of measuring states of qubits of a quantum processor, the method includes providing, to the qubits, a control signal to control states of n qubits in the quantum processor, where n is a natural number; performing a bit-flip to invert a state of at least one qubit of the qubits; reading out output qubit values of bit-flipped qubits based on the performing of the bit-flip; and generating an error model indicating a probability of occurrence of measurement errors in the output qubit values based on a result of the reading-out of the output qubit values.

Abstract: A Standard Initial Margin Model (SIMM) is calculated and provided as an overall initial margin for non-cleared derivatives. In certain embodiments, using at least one computing device, information associated with a plurality of risk classes is acquired, and a delta margin, a vega margin, and a curvature margin for each risk class based on the acquired information associated is determined. The at least one computing device calculates initial margin for each risk class by summing the respective delta margin, the respective vega margin, and the respective curvature margin. The at least one computing device determines whether product classes will be used in calculating the overall initial margin, calculates the overall initial margin using an equation based on the determination, and provides the overall initial margin. The amount of the initial margin call for the underlying derivatives contract may then be generated based on the calculated initial margin.

Abstract: A Standard Initial Margin Model (SIMM) is calculated and provided as an overall initial margin for non-cleared derivatives. In certain embodiments, using at least one computing device, information associated with a plurality of risk classes is acquired, and a delta margin, a vega margin, and a curvature margin for each risk class based on the acquired information associated is determined. The at least one computing device calculates initial margin for each risk class by summing the respective delta margin, the respective vega margin, and the respective curvature margin. The at least one computing device determines whether product classes will be used in calculating the overall initial margin, calculates the overall initial margin using an equation based on the determination, and provides the overall initial margin. The amount of the initial margin call for the underlying derivatives contract may then be generated based on the calculated initial margin.

Abstract: An apparatus for delivering a plurality of liquid volumes sequentially to a reaction site is provided, the apparatus comprising a vessel having a plurality of solid spacers arranged in linear order therein so as to define a series of adjacent voids, separated by individual solid spacers, for receiving said liquid volumes, the vessel being provided in a lateral wall with a plurality of reversibly sealable openings through which the liquid volumes for delivery to the reaction site may be introduced into the voids defined therein, and an outlet port, the spacers being movable within the vessel such that, in use, liquid volumes disposed in the individual voids are deliverable sequentially through the ‘outlet port to the reaction site. Also provided are units, such as disposable cartridge units, comprising such an apparatus coupled to a reaction site and systems comprising such units together with means for interrogating the reaction site to determine the outcome of the reaction.

Abstract: Methods for repairing and restoring water manifold pipes, particularly locomotive diesel motor water manifolds exhibiting excessive corrosion around at least one water port. Exemplary methods include inserting a pipe segment into a selected water port and using the inserted pipe segment as a build-up or brazing form. Braze material is applied in one layers around and against the inserted pipe segment. Excess braze material and the pipe segment are thereafter removed in order to restore the manifold pipe to an original dimension.

Abstract: Methods for repairing and restoring water manifold pipes, particularly locomotive diesel motor water manifolds exhibiting excessive corrosion around at least one water port. Exemplary methods include inserting a pipe segment into a selected water port and using the inserted pipe segment as a build-up or brazing form. Braze material is applied in one layers around and against the inserted pipe segment. Excess braze material and the pipe segment are thereafter removed in order to restore the manifold pipe to an original dimension.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of hyperglycaemia wherein plasma glucose levels in the range of from >126 mg/dl to 140 mg/dl, which method comprises administering an effective nontoxic and pharmaceutically acceptable amount of an insulin sensitiser, to a mammal in need thereof.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and conditions associated with diabetes mellitus in a mammal, which method comprises administering an effective non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable amount of an insulin sensitiser and a sub-maximal amount of an insulin secretagogue, to a mammal in need thereof; and a pharmaceutical composition for use in such method.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and conditions associated with diabetes mellitus in a mammal, which method comprises administering an effective non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable amount of an insulin sensitizer, an insulin secretagogue and a biguanide antihyperglycaemic agent, to a mammal in need thereof; and composition for use in such method.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and conditions associated with diabetes mellitus in a mammal, which method comprises administering an effective non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable amount of Compound (I) and insulin to a mammal in need thereof.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and conditions associated with diabetes mellitus in a mammal, which method comprises administering an effective non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable amount of an insulin sensitiser and an insulin secretagogue, to a mammal in need thereof.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and conditions associated with diabetes mellitus in a mammal, which method comprises administering an effective non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable amount of an insulin sensitiser and a sub-maximal amount of an insulin secretagogue, to a mammal in need thereof; and a pharmaceutical composition for use in such method.

Abstract: A method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diabetes mellitus, conditions associated with diabetes mellitus and certain complications thereof, in a mammal which method comprises administering an effective non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable amount of an insulin sensitiser and a biguanide antihyperglycaemic agent, to a mammal in need thereof and a pharmaceutical composition comprising an insulin sensitiser and a biguanide antihyperglycaemic agent.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and conditions associated with diabetes mellitus in a mammal, which method comprises administering an effective non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable amount of an insulin sensitiser, an insulin secretagogueand an alpha glucosidase inhibitor antihyperglycaemic agent, to a mammal in need thereof; and composition for use in such method.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and conditions associated with diabetes mellitus in a mammal, which method comprises administering an effective non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable amount of an insulin sensitiser and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor antihyperglycaemic agent, to a mammal in need thereof.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of hyperglycaemia wherein plasma glucose levels are in the range of elevated normal to ≦126 mg/dl, which method comprises administering an effective non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable amount of an insulin sensitiser, to a mammal in need thereof.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and conditions associated with diabetes mellitus in a mammal, which method comprises administering an effective non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable amount of an insulin sensitiser and an insulin secretagogue, to a mammal in need thereof.

Abstract: A method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diabetes mellitus, conditions associated with diabetes mellitus and certain complications thereof, in a mammal which method comprises administering an effective non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable amount of an insulin sensitiser and a biguanidine antihyperglycaemic agent, to a mammal in need thereof and a pharmaceutical composition comprising an insulin sensitiser and a biguanide antihyperglycaemic agent.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of hyperglycaemia wherein plasma glucose levels in the range from >126 mg/dl to 140 mg/dl, which method comprises administering an effective nontoxic and pharmaceutically acceptable amount of an insulin sensitizer, to a mammal in need thereof.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and conditions associated with diabetes mellitus in a mammal, which method comprises administering an effective non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable amount of an insulin sensitizer and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor antihyperglycaemic agent, to a mammal in need thereof.