Abstract: A method of measuring states of qubits of a quantum processor, the method includes providing, to the qubits, a control signal to control states of n qubits in the quantum processor, where n is a natural number; performing a bit-flip to invert a state of at least one qubit of the qubits; reading out output qubit values of bit-flipped qubits based on the performing of the bit-flip; and generating an error model indicating a probability of occurrence of measurement errors in the output qubit values based on a result of the reading-out of the output qubit values.

Abstract: A method of measuring states of qubits of a quantum processor, the method includes providing, to the qubits, a control signal to control states of n qubits in the quantum processor, where n is a natural number; performing a bit-flip to invert a state of at least one qubit of the qubits; reading out output qubit values of bit-flipped qubits based on the performing of the bit-flip; and generating an error model indicating a probability of occurrence of measurement errors in the output qubit values based on a result of the reading-out of the output qubit values.

Abstract: A method of measuring states of qubits of a quantum processor, the method includes providing, to the qubits, a control signal to control states of n qubits in the quantum processor, where n is a natural number; performing a bit-flip to invert a state of at least one qubit of the qubits; reading out output qubit values of bit-flipped qubits based on the performing of the bit-flip; and generating an error model indicating a probability of occurrence of measurement errors in the output qubit values based on a result of the reading-out of the output qubit values.

Abstract: A Standard Initial Margin Model (SIMM) is calculated and provided as an overall initial margin for non-cleared derivatives. In certain embodiments, using at least one computing device, information associated with a plurality of risk classes is acquired, and a delta margin, a vega margin, and a curvature margin for each risk class based on the acquired information associated is determined. The at least one computing device calculates initial margin for each risk class by summing the respective delta margin, the respective vega margin, and the respective curvature margin. The at least one computing device determines whether product classes will be used in calculating the overall initial margin, calculates the overall initial margin using an equation based on the determination, and provides the overall initial margin. The amount of the initial margin call for the underlying derivatives contract may then be generated based on the calculated initial margin.

Abstract: A Standard Initial Margin Model (SIMM) is calculated and provided as an overall initial margin for non-cleared derivatives. In certain embodiments, using at least one computing device, information associated with a plurality of risk classes is acquired, and a delta margin, a vega margin, and a curvature margin for each risk class based on the acquired information associated is determined. The at least one computing device calculates initial margin for each risk class by summing the respective delta margin, the respective vega margin, and the respective curvature margin. The at least one computing device determines whether product classes will be used in calculating the overall initial margin, calculates the overall initial margin using an equation based on the determination, and provides the overall initial margin. The amount of the initial margin call for the underlying derivatives contract may then be generated based on the calculated initial margin.

Abstract: Methods for repairing and restoring water manifold pipes, particularly locomotive diesel motor water manifolds exhibiting excessive corrosion around at least one water port. Exemplary methods include inserting a pipe segment into a selected water port and using the inserted pipe segment as a build-up or brazing form. Braze material is applied in one layers around and against the inserted pipe segment. Excess braze material and the pipe segment are thereafter removed in order to restore the manifold pipe to an original dimension.

Abstract: Methods for repairing and restoring water manifold pipes, particularly locomotive diesel motor water manifolds exhibiting excessive corrosion around at least one water port. Exemplary methods include inserting a pipe segment into a selected water port and using the inserted pipe segment as a build-up or brazing form. Braze material is applied in one layers around and against the inserted pipe segment. Excess braze material and the pipe segment are thereafter removed in order to restore the manifold pipe to an original dimension.

Abstract: A data transmission system which may be used in any industrial installation in which an A.C. powered device is remotely located and in which it is desired (i) to monitor certain parameters, and/or (ii) to control certain operational functions at the remote site. The power cable used to carry A.C. power to the remotely operating device is also used to carry instrumentation, communication, and control signals from the local control and readout equipment located at the surface to an instrumentation and control package installed at the remote site in the down-hole location. The present invention comprises means for the simultaneous bidirectional transmission of digital data between the local and remote sites by means of a modulated D.C. loop current to thereby accomplish the required monitoring and control functions.