Abstract: A display device includes a first layer having an optically active display portion, a second layer including a photovoltaic element, and a third layer including electronics operatively coupled to the first layer, wherein the electronics are configured to drive the optically active display portion. Further, the second layer is arranged between the first and third layers.

Abstract: A display device having a display panel for displaying an image by spatial light modulation includes a plurality of pixel groups, each pixel group including a first pixel having a first type of luminance against viewing angle response, and a second pixel having a second type of luminance against viewing angle response, wherein the first and second luminance against viewing angle responses are different from one another. The display device further includes a controller operatively coupled to each of the plurality of pixel groups, wherein the controller is configured to drive each of the plurality of pixel groups such that on average the plurality of pixel groups simultaneously provide a predetermined on-axis luminance and an predetermined off-axis luminance for a region of the image corresponding to each pixel group.

Abstract: A reflective display comprises a pixellated display device and an optical structure which concentrates light of a plurality of colours onto pixels of a plurality of sets, respectively. Each pixel is associated with a respective sub-structure which passes light of a first colour propagating towards the pixel but which redirects light of a second colour, propagating towards the pixel, to another pixel. The display device comprises a relief structure having reconfigurable contents for modulating light.

Abstract: A display device is provided that comprises a liquid crystal display panel for displaying an image by spatial light modulation, and circuitry for switching liquid crystal in the panel between having a first configuration in a first mode to cause an image displayed using the panel to be discernible from a wide range of viewing angles, and having a second configuration in a second mode to cause an image displayed using the panel to be discernible substantially only from within a narrow range of viewing angles. Several types of display panel to achieve such in-panel switching between public and private viewing modes are disclosed.

Abstract: A display for providing several viewing modes of different angular viewing characteristics comprises a display device and a passive optical device (9) of a parallax optic of fixed optical characteristics. The display device comprises a light emitting or modulating layer (7) between first and second electrode arrangements (5, 10, 11). The first electrode arrangement (5) comprises a plurality of pixel electrodes defining pixels of the display device. The second electrode arrangement comprises a plurality of counter electrodes (10, 11) arranged so that each of the pixel electrodes (5) faces a portion of each of the counter electrodes. The counter electrodes are controllable so as to select which portion of each pixel is active. This provides, in cooperation with the optical device (9) the plurality of display viewing modes.

Abstract: A display comprises a backlight (30, 45-48) and a spatial light modulator (1) such as a liquid crystal device for modulating light from the backlight (30, 45-48). The backlight has a light-output surface (45) with a first set of regions in the form of parallel evenly spaced strips (48). In a multiple-view mode of the display, these strips (48) emit light whereas the remainder of the output surface (45) is dark. In a single-view mode of operation of the display, the whole of the output surface (45) emits light substantially evenly across the display area of the modulator (1).

Abstract: A liquid delivery apparatus for the intrathecal delivery of one or more medications to a patient is disclosed. The liquid delivery apparatus generally includes a liquid reservoir, a liquid metering unit fluidly connected to the liquid reservoir, and a catheter delivery tube fluidly connected to the liquid metering unit. Preferably, the liquid delivery apparatus includes two or more liquid reservoirs. In various embodiments, the liquid reservoir includes a deformable balloon and a compressive sleeve spring as a pressure source, the liquid metering unit is a piezoelectrically actuated microvalve, and/or diagnostic sensors are included in the apparatus. The disclosed apparatus are compact, volume-efficient, energy-efficient, capable of delivering accurate fluid volumes, and address problems associated with multi-medication therapies. Methods of operating the liquid delivery apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A display device is provided that comprises a liquid crystal display panel for displaying an image by spatial light modulation, and circuitry for switching liquid crystal in the panel between having a first configuration in a first mode to cause an image displayed using the panel to be discernible from a wide range of viewing angles, and having a second configuration in a second mode to cause an image displayed using the panel to be discernible substantially only from within a narrow range of viewing angles. Several types of display panel to achieve such in-panel switching between public and private viewing modes are disclosed.

Abstract: A polarizer consisting of a wire grid that includes a plurality of wires aligned in parallel. From at least one side of the wire grid, the wire grid intrinsically mainly absorbs electromagnetic energy having a polarization direction parallel to the wires and mainly transmits electromagnetic energy having a polarization direction perpendicular to the wires.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprises an active matrix substrate (6) and a counter-substrate (7) provided with homeotropic alignment surfaces (11). A layer of nematic liquid crystal material is provided between the alignment surfaces (11) so as to form a vertically aligned nematic device. The substrates (6, 7) carry a pixel electrode arrangement and a counter-electrode arrangement which define a plurality of pixel regions. Each of least some of these regions has a pixel electrode (13), which may be split into two halves, and a counter-electrode (8) which are arranged to apply an electric field for controlling the liquid crystal director (12) out-of-plane tilt angle. A further electrode (14), for example in the form of a plurality of parallel fingers, cooperates with at least one of the other electrodes (8, 13) to apply a second electric field for controlling the director in-plane azimuth angle. Such a device may be used, for example, as a switchable public/private display.

Abstract: A multi-depth display apparatus comprises: a display panel comprising pixels arranged to display first image and second images; and a direction changing layer arranged so that light forming said first and second images enters the layer and then exits the layer, wherein: in relation to the light forming said first image, the direction of the light is changed by the layer so that the light exiting the layer is changed in direction by a first angle relative to the light entering the layer; in relation to the light forming said second image, the direction of the light is changed by the layer so that the light exiting the layer is changed in direction by a second angle relative to the light entering the layer; and said first and second angles are different to create a difference in perceived depth between said first and second images when viewed by a user.

Abstract: A multiple depth display provided for displaying images at different depths comprises a single display device (61), for displaying all of the images. An optical system (62, 63, 64) is disposed in front of the display device (61). The optical system comprises first and second spaced-apart partial reflectors (62, 63) and polarization optics (64) for providing first and second light paths for first and second images or sequences of images displayed by the device (61). The first light path (65) comprises partial transmission through the first reflector (62), partial reflection from the second reflector (63), partial reflection from the first reflector (62), and partial transmission through the second reflector (65) towards a viewing region.

Abstract: A single view display of reduced power consumption is provided. The display comprises a display device for displaying the single view and an optical system for concentrating light modulated by the single view into a reduced angular range. A viewer direction determining system determines the direction of a viewer relative to the display and controls the display device and the optical system so that the angular range includes the direction of the viewer.

Abstract: An optical film is provided for use in a light source or display to provide rapid cut-off of illumination with angle. The film comprises a light-transmissive substrate of a material having a reflective index greater than one and having first and second major surfaces. A surface relief is formed on at least one of the major surfaces and includes a mirror structure. The mirror structure comprises a groups of specularly reflective surfaces alternating in at least one direction with groups of transmissive surfaces. The film directs light passing therethrough into a desired angular output range, and light reflected back by the mirror structure is returned to a light source for recycling to enhance display brightness.

Abstract: An illumination system (32) is provided for producing output light having a variable angular illumination range for illuminating a display panel (31) in a display device (30). The illumination system (32) comprises first and second light sources (34 and 36) and is operable selectively in a first mode in which the output light comprises light derived from the first light source (34) with substantially no light derived from the second light source (36), and in a second mode in which the output light comprises light derived from at least the second light source (36). The output light derived from the first light source (34) has a first angular illumination range and the output light derived from the second light source (36) has a second angular illumination range wider than the first angular illumination range. The first mode can be used as a private mode and the second mode can be used as a public mode.

Abstract: A time-sequential colour projector comprises a pixellated light valve (2), such as a liquid crystal device, and a plurality of light sources (30, 31, 32). The light sources (30, 31, 32) direct light on different sets of pixels of the light valve (2) via an optical system (1), such as a lens array, which focuses the light on pixels of the light valve (2). At least two of the light sources (30, 31, 32) are multiple colour light sources and the multiple colour light sources emit different colour components during each set of frames making up a complete image frame.

Abstract: A display is provided for providing a restricted viewing mode, for example a private viewing mode where the display may be viewed from a limited region of space by a single viewer and not by other people outside the viewing region. The display comprises a source of polarised light and an output polariser. Between these are provided a controllable pixellated spatial polarisation modulating layer, for example of the liquid crystal type. Also, a polarisation modifying layer is provided between the polarisers and is spaced from the modulating layer. The modifying later comprises a plurality of sets of regions with the regions of each set having the same polarisation modifying effect and the regions of different sets having different polarisation modifying effects. The light path between the modulating layer and the modifying layer is polariser-free.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing expanded compatibility in identification tags such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) devices. Integrated devices can be equipped with various combinations of passive and active tags configured for compatibility with passive and active readers, respectively. Additionally, the integrated devices can be equipped with various combinations of passive and active tag readers for compatibility with passive and active tags, respectively. A first combination comprises an active tag and a passive tag reader for collecting information over a passive channel, and sending the information over an active channel. A second combination comprises an active tag and a passive tag receiver/transceiver for communication over both active and passive channels. A third combination comprises an active tag and an active tag reader for collecting information over an active channel, and sending information over an active channel.

Abstract: A multiple view display comprises a parallax optic such as a parallax barrier (25) and a spatial light modulator (20) having a plurality of pixels arranged as rows and columns. The parallax optic (25) cooperates with the pixel structure to create a plurality of primary viewpoint-corrected viewing windows. The rows are arranged as groups and the parallax elements are arranged as rows. Each parallax element is aligned with a respective group of rows of the pixels. The pixels comprise sets of pixels of different colours arranged so that the sequence of visible colours viewable in each viewing window through each parallax element of each row of parallax elements is different from the sequence of pixel colours visible through the or each nearest parallax element in the or each adjacent row of parallax elements.

Abstract: A display is provided having first and second direct view modes of operation. The display comprises a liquid crystal display panel and a backlight which is illuminated during the first mode so that the displayed image is visible throughout an extended viewing region in front of the device. The display also comprises a holographic element and a front light source, which is switched on for the second direct view mode. The holographic element redirects light from the front light source into part of the extended viewing region so that an image displayed by the device is visible in only a restricted portion of the viewing region.