Abstract: A composition comprising component (a) at least one phenyl boronic acid and component (b) pentane-1,2-diol and optionally one or more further diols wherein the composition is liquid at 20° C. and 101.3 kPa. Said composition stabilizes serine protease.

Abstract: The present invention provides heat-sensitive coating compositions, which comprise a color developer of formula (1) or mixtures thereof wherein R1 can be hydrogen, C1-20-alkyl, C3-8-cycloalkyl, C2-10-alkenyl, aryl or SO3H, and R2 and R3 can be the same or different and can be hydrogen, halogen, C1-20-alkyl, C3-8-cyclo-alkyl, C2-10-alkenyl, aryl, OR6, NR7R8, SR9, SO3H or COOR10 and R4 and R5 can be the same or different, and can be hydrogen, halogen, C1-20-alkyl, C3-8-cyclo-alkyl, C2-10-alkenyl, aryl, OR6, NR7R8 or SR9, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 can be the same or different and can be hydrogen, C1-30-alkyl, C3-8-cycloalkyl, C2-10-alkenyl or aryl, wherein C1-20-alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C3-8-cycloalkyl, C2-10-alkenyl, phenyl, halogen, OR11, NR12R13, SR14, SO3H or COOR15, and aryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, C1-10-alkyl, halogenated C1-10-alkyl, C3-8-cycloalkyl C2-10-alkenyl, phenyl, OR11, NR12R13, SR14, SO3H or COOR15, wherein R11, R12, R13, R14 an

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous direct dye formulation, comprising (a) 5 to 25% by weight of a dye composition comprising (a1) 50-99% by weight of one or more dyes obtainable by reduction or thermal treatment of Direct Yellow 11, and (a2) 1-50% by weight of a blue, black and/or red direct dye, (all based on the dye composition); (b) up to 0.9% by weight of a saturated, cyclic or acyclic water-soluble amine comprising a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group and at least one further functional group selected from primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups, OH groups and ether groups; and (c) up to 0.9% by weight of urea; and (d) water, wherein the percentages for (a), (b), and (c) relate to the total weight of the aqueous direct dye formulation. The invention moreover relates to a process for their preparation and the use thereof for the dyeing, in particular of paper, as well as paper which has been dyed with this aqueous direct dye formulation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous direct dye formulation, comprising (a) 5 to 25% by weight of a dye composition comprising (a1) 50-99% by weight of one or more dyes obtainable by reduction or thermal treatment of Direct Yellow 11, and (a2) 1-50% by weight of a blue, black and/or red direct dye, (all based on the dye composition); (b) up to 0.9% by weight of a saturated, cyclic or acyclic water-soluble amine comprising a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group and at least one further functional group selected from primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups, OH groups and ether groups; and (c) up to 0.9% by weight of urea; and (d) water, wherein the percentages for (a), (b), and (c) relate to the total weight of the aqueous direct dye formulation. The invention moreover relates to a process for their preparation and the use thereof for the dyeing, in particular of paper, as well as paper which has been dyed with this aqueous direct dye formulation.

Abstract: The present invention provides heat-sensitive coating compositions, which comprise a colour developer of formula (1) or mixtures thereof wherein R can be hydrogen, C1-20-alkyl, C3-8-cycloalkyl, C2-10-alkenyl, aryl or SO3H, and R2 and R3 can be the same or different and can be hydrogen, halogen, C1-20-alkyl, C3-8-cyclo-alkyl, C2-10-alkenyl, aryl, OR6, NR7R8, SR9, SO3H or COOR10 and R4 and R5 can be the same or different, and can be hydrogen, halogen, C1-20-alkyl, C3-8-cyclo-alkyl, C2-10-alkenyl, aryl, OR6, NR7R8 or SR9, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 can be the same or different and can be hydrogen, C1-30-alkyl, C3-8-cycloalkyl, C2-10-alkenyl or aryl, wherein C1-20-alkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C3-8-cycloalkyl, C2-10-alkenyl, phenyl, halogen, OR11, NR12R13, SR14, SO3H or COOR15, and aryl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, C1-10-alkyl, halogenated C1-10-alkyl, C3-8-cycloalkyl C2-10-alkenyl, phenyl, OR11, NR12R13, SR14, SO3H or COOR15, wherein R11, R12, R13, R14 an

Abstract: This invention relates to &agr;-ammonium ketones, iminium ketones or amidinium ketones in the form of their tetraaryl- or triarylalkylborate salts which can be photochemically converted into amines, imines or amidines as well as to a process for their preparation. This invention also relates to base-polymerisable or crosslinkable compositions comprising these &agr;-ammonium ketones, iminium ketones or amidinium ketones in the form of their tetra- or triarylalkylborate salts, to a process for carrying out photochemically induced, base-catalysed reactions as well as to their use as photoinitiators for base-catalysed reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to &agr;-ammonium alkenes, iminium alkenes and amidinium alkenes in the form of their tetraaryl- or triaryl-alkylborate salts that can be converted photochemically into amines, imines or amidines, and to a process for the preparation thereof. The invention relates also to compositions polymerisable or crosslinkable under basic conditions comprising such &agr;-ammonium alkenes, iminium alkenes or amidinium alkenes in the form of their tetra- or tri-arylalkylborate salts, to a method of carrying out photochemically induced, base-catalysed reactions, and to the use of such compounds as photoinitiators for base-catalysed reactions.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I or I′ in which R1 and R2 independently of one another, for example, are an aromatic hydrocarbon, with the proviso that the aromatic hydrocarbon radical is substituted in at least one o-position, or R1 and R2, for example, independently of one another are C1-C20alkyl, which is substituted by R9R10R11Si; R2a is, for example, a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon radical; R3 is C1-C20alkyl which is substituted by R9R10R11Si or is an aromatic hydrocarbon; R4 is, for example, C1-C20alkyl, C3-C12cycloalkyl or phenyl-C1-C6alkyl; E is R14R15R16P or R8R8aR7N; R7, R8 and R8a and R9, R10 and R11 independently of one another are, for example, C1-C12alkyl; R14, R15 and R16 independently of one another are substituted phenyl and G is a radical which is able to form positive ions, with the proviso that, if R1, R2 and R3 are 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, R4 is not C2-C20alkyl or C2-C8alkenyl, are suitable for use as particularly reactive photoinitiators.

Abstract: Dye compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is for example CH, C--CH.sub.3 or .sup.+ NOR L.sup.- ; R is inter alia C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl; R.sub.1 is for example C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl; s is 0 to 4; R.sub.2 is for example hydrogen; Ar is for example a group ##STR2## Y inter alia is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy; r in the formula (A) is 0 to 5, in the formulae (B) and (E) is 0 to 9 and in the formula (D) is 0 to 7; and L is an anion;in combination with an electron donor compound, especially a borate compound, are suitable as photoinitiators for the photopolymerization of radically polymerizable compositions.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), ##STR1## wherein X is CH, C--CH.sub.3, C--Cl, C--O--C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl or N; R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, benzyl, CH.sub.2 COOR.sub.3 or a group (a); R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, halogen, NO.sub.2, benzyloxy or phenyloxy, wherein the phenyl ring in the benzyloxy or phenyloxy group is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, halogen or CF.sub.3 ; R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, benzyloxy or phenyloxy, wherein the phenyl ring in the benzyloxy or phenyloxy group is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, halogen or CF.sub.3 ; R.sub.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or benzyl; Y is unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, or Y is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, halogen, CF.sub.3, NO.sub.2, benzyloxy or phenyloxy, wherein the phenyl ring in the benzyloxy or phenyloxy group is unsubstituted or substituted by C.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I and II ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are, for example, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, where none of the radicals R.sub.1 -R.sub.3 is a phenyl radical which is substituted ortho to the bond to the borate atom;R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ', R.sub.3 ' have one of the meanings of R.sub.1 -R.sub.3 ;R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are OH or OR.sub.6 or have one of the meanings of R.sub.1 -R.sub.3 and the radicals R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ', R.sub.3 ', R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 can also be substituted ortho to the bond to the borate atom;R.sub.6 is, for example, unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy- or halo-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl;X is, for example, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted or which is interrupted by one or more aromatic hydrocarbons, or X is, for example, C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene or polycycloalkylene; andZ.sup.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which n and o are a number from 0 to 50, m is a number from 1 to 50, u and v are 0 or 1, and at least one of the indices u and v is 1, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently of one another are, for example, aromatic hydrocarbons, R.sub.5, if n and o are 0, is for example C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl and, if n and/or o are greater than 0, or if n and o are 0 and at the same time only one index u or v is 1, R.sub.5 may additionally, for example, be an aromatic hydrocarbon, at least one of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 being an aromatic hydrocarbon radical which is sterically hindered ortho to the boron atom, X is, for example, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylene, phenylene, biphenylene, etc., and Z is a radical which is able to form positive ions, are suitable as photoinitiators, both the compounds per se and their combination with dyes or other electron acceptors.

Abstract: The invention relates to photopolymerizable compositions comprising as photoinitiator a borate of the formula I or I' ##STR1## R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are, for example and independently of one another, phenyl or another aromatic hydrocarbon, with or without any heteroatoms, which radicals are unsubstituted or are substituted, or the radicals R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 form bridges to produce structures of the formula II, IIa or IIb ##STR2## with the provisos that not more than two of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are identical and either at least two of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are aromatic hydrocarbon radicals or phenyl radicals which are substituted in both ortho-positions or at least one radical R.sub.1, R.sub.2 or R.sub.3 is a sterically bulky aryl radical and the remaining radicals of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are aromatic hydrocarbon radicals or are phenyl radicals which are substituted in at least one ortho-position; R.sub.4 is, for example, phenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is, for example, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl which radicals are unsubstitutedor substituted; R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently of one another are phenyl or biphenyl, which radicals are unsubstituted or substituted; wherein the sum of the Hammett .sigma. constants (.SIGMA..sub..sigma.) of the substitutents on the aromatic radicals R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is between +0.36 and +2.58; R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.14, R.sub.15 and R.sub.16 are, for example, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or phenyl, and G is a radical which is able to form positive ions. These compounds are suitable as photoinitiators for photopolymerizable compositions which contain acid groups, in the presence of a coinitiator if desired.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I or I' ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another, for example, are an aromatic hydrocarbon, with the proviso that the aromatic hydrocarbon radical is substituted in at least one o-position, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, for example, independently of one another are C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, which is substituted by R.sub.9 R.sub.10 R.sub.11 Si; R.sub.2a is, for example, a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon radical; R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl which is substituted by R.sub.9 R.sub.10 R.sub.11 Si or is an aromatic hydrocarbon; R.sub.4 is, for example, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl or phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl; E is R.sub.14 R.sub.15 R.sub.16 P or R.sub.8 R.sub.8a R.sub.7 N; R.sub.7, R.sub.8 and R.sub.8a and R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 independently of one another are, for example, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl; R.sub.14, R.sub.15 and R.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to photopolymerizable compositions comprising as photoinitiator a borate of the formula I or I' ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are, for example and independently of one another, phenyl or another aromatic hydrocarbon, with or without any heteroatoms, which radicals are unsubstituted or are substituted, or the radicals R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 form bridges to produce structures of the formulae II, IIa or IIb ##STR2## with the provisos that not more than two of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are identical and either at least two of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are aromatic hydrocarbon radicals or phenyl radicals which are substituted in both ortho-positions or at least one radical R.sub.1, R.sub.2 or R.sub.3 is a sterically bulky aryl radical and the remaining radicals of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are aromatic hydrocarbon radicals or are phenyl radicals which are substituted in at least one ortho-position; R.sub.4 is, for example, phenyl or C.sub.1 -C.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which n and o are a number from 0 to 50, m is a number from 1 to 50, u and v are 0 or 1, and at least one of the indices u and v is 1, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently of one another are, for example, aromatic hydrocarbons, R.sub.5, if n and o are 0, is for example C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl and, if n and/or o are greater than 0, or if n and o are 0 and at the same time only one index u or v is 1, R.sub.5 may additionally, for example, be an aromatic hydrocarbon, at least one of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 being an aromatic hydrocarbon radical which is sterically hindered ortho to the boron atom, X is, for example, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylene, phenylene, biphenylene, etc., and Z is a radical which is able to form positive ions, are suitable as photoinitiators, both the compounds per se and their combination with dyes or other electron acceptors.