Abstract: An interfacial electric field intensity of a surface is measured by covalently binding a monolayer of a voltage sensitive chromophore to the surface and irradiating it with actinic radiation while it is in contact with a liquid and measuring a first fluorescence emission spectrum. A solution of the voltage sensitive chromophore dissolved in a sample of the liquid is also irradiated with actinic radiation and a second fluorescence emission spectrum is measured. The first and second fluorescence emission spectra are compared to determine the interfacial electric field intensity.

Abstract: A characteristic difference between first and second liquids is measured using a surface having a monolayer of a voltage sensitive chromophore that is covalently bound to the surface. The first liquid is brought into contact with the surface and it is irradiated with actinic radiation to measure a first fluorescence emission spectrum. The second liquid is also brought into contact with the surface and it is irradiated with actinic radiation to measure a second fluorescence emission spectrum. The first and second fluorescence emission spectra are compared to characterize a difference between the first and second fluids.

Abstract: A characteristic of a liquid is measured by providing a surface having a monolayer of a voltage sensitive chromophore that is covalently bound to the surface. The liquid is brought into contact with the surface and it is irradiated with actinic radiation to measure a first fluorescence emission spectrum. A solution of the voltage sensitive chromophore dissolved in a sample of the liquid is also irradiated with actinic radiation and a second fluorescence emission spectrum is measured. The first and second fluorescence emission spectra are compared to determine the characteristic of the liquid.

Abstract: A characteristic of a liquid is measured by providing a surface having a monolayer of a voltage sensitive chromophore that is covalently bound to the surface. The liquid is brought into contact with the surface and it is irradiated with actinic radiation to measure a first fluorescence emission spectrum. A solution of the voltage sensitive chromophore dissolved in a sample of the liquid is also irradiated with actinic radiation and a second fluorescence emission spectrum is measured. The first and second fluorescence emission spectra are compared to determine the characteristic of the liquid.

Abstract: A surface evaluation system is described for evaluating a surface. A chromophore application system is used for applying a monolayer of a voltage sensitive chromophore to the surface, wherein the applied voltage sensitive chromophore is covalently bound to the surface and has a fluorescence emission spectrum which varies in accordance with a characteristic of the surface. An irradiation source irradiates the monolayer of the covalently bound voltage sensitive chromophore with actinic radiation. A fluorescence sensing system measures a fluorescence emission spectrum from the irradiated monolayer of the covalently bound voltage sensitive chromophore, and an analysis system analyzes the measured fluorescence emission spectrum to evaluate the characteristic of the surface.

Abstract: An interfacial electric field intensity of a surface is measured by covalently binding a monolayer of a voltage sensitive chromophore to the surface and irradiating it with actinic radiation while it is in contact with a liquid and measuring a first fluorescence emission spectrum. A solution of the voltage sensitive chromophore dissolved in a sample of the liquid is also irradiated with actinic radiation and a second fluorescence emission spectrum is measured. The first and second fluorescence emission spectra are compared to determine the interfacial electric field intensity.

Abstract: A characteristic difference between first and second liquids is measured using a surface having a monolayer of a voltage sensitive chromophore that is covalently bound to the surface. The first liquid is brought into contact with the surface and it is irradiated with actinic radiation to measure a first fluorescence emission spectrum. The second liquid is also brought into contact with the surface and it is irradiated with actinic radiation to measure a second fluorescence emission spectrum. The first and second fluorescence emission spectra are compared to characterize a difference between the first and second fluids.

Abstract: A conductive metal pattern is formed in a polymeric layer that has a reactive polymer that comprises (1) pendant groups that are capable of providing pendant sulfonic acid groups upon exposure to radiation, and (2) pendant groups that are capable of reacting in the presence of the sulfonic acid groups to provide crosslinking. The polymeric layer is patternwise exposed to provide a polymeric layer comprising non-exposed regions and exposed regions comprising a polymer comprising pendant sulfonic acid groups. The exposed regions are contacted with electroless seed metal ions to form a pattern of electroless seed metal ions. The electroless seed metal ions are reduced to provide a pattern of electroless seed metal nuclei that are then electrolessly plated with a conductive metal.

Abstract: Various patterning methods utilize certain crosslinkable reactive polymers comprise -A- and -B- recurring units, arranged randomly along a backbone. The -A- recurring units comprise pendant aromatic sulfonic acid oxime ester groups that are capable of providing pendant aromatic sulfonic acid groups upon irradiation with radiation having a ?max of at least 150 nm and up to and including 450 nm. The -A- recurring units are present in the reactive polymer in an amount of up to and including 98 mol % based on total reactive polymer recurring units. The -B- recurring units comprise pendant groups that provide crosslinking upon generation of the aromatic sulfonic acid groups in the -A- recurring units. The -B- recurring units are present in an amount of at least 2 mol %, based on total reactive polymer recurring units.

Abstract: Crosslinkable reactive polymers comprise -A- and —B— recurring units, arranged randomly along a backbone. The -A- recurring units comprise pendant aromatic sulfonic acid oxime ester groups that are capable of providing pendant aromatic sulfonic acid groups upon irradiation with radiation having a ?max of at least 150 nm and up to and including 450 nm. The -A- recurring units are present in the reactive polymer in an amount of greater than 50 mol % and up to and including 98 mol % based on total reactive polymer recurring units. The —B— recurring units comprise pendant groups that provide crosslinking upon generation of the aromatic sulfonic acid groups in the -A- recurring units. The —B— recurring units are present in an amount of at least 2 mol %, based on total reactive polymer recurring units. These reactive polymers can be used in various pattern-forming methods.

Abstract: Various patterning methods utilize certain crosslinkable reactive polymers comprise -A- and -B- recurring units, arranged randomly along a backbone. The -A- recurring units comprise pendant aromatic sulfonic acid oxime ester groups that are capable of providing pendant aromatic sulfonic acid groups upon irradiation with radiation having a ?max of at least 150 nm and up to and including 450 nm. The -A- recurring units are present in the reactive polymer in an amount of up to and including 98 mol % based on total reactive polymer recurring units. The -B- recurring units comprise pendant groups that provide crosslinking upon generation of the aromatic sulfonic acid groups in the -A- recurring units. The -B- recurring units are present in an amount of at least 2 mol %, based on total reactive polymer recurring units.

Abstract: A conductive metal pattern is formed in a polymeric layer that has a reactive polymer that comprises (1) pendant groups that are capable of providing pendant sulfonic acid groups upon exposure to radiation, and (2) pendant groups that are capable of reacting in the presence of the sulfonic acid groups to provide crosslinking. The polymeric layer is patternwise exposed to provide a polymeric layer comprising non-exposed regions and exposed regions comprising a polymer comprising pendant sulfonic acid groups. The exposed regions are contacted with electroless seed metal ions to form a pattern of electroless seed metal ions. The electroless seed metal ions are reduced to provide a pattern of electroless seed metal nuclei that are then electrolessly plated with a conductive metal.

Abstract: Crosslinkable reactive polymers comprise -A- and —B— recurring units, arranged randomly along a backbone. The -A- recurring units comprise pendant aromatic sulfonic acid oxime ester groups that are capable of providing pendant aromatic sulfonic acid groups upon irradiation with radiation having a ?max of at least 150 nm and up to and including 450 nm. The -A- recurring units are present in the reactive polymer in an amount of greater than 50 mol % and up to and including 98 mol % based on total reactive polymer recurring units. The —B— recurring units comprise pendant groups that provide crosslinking upon generation of the aromatic sulfonic acid groups in the -A- recurring units. The —B— recurring units are present in an amount of at least 2 mol %, based on total reactive polymer recurring units. These reactive polymers can be used in various pattern-forming methods.

Abstract: An inkjet printing system, comprises: a printer, a pigment ink composition, and a dry recording media supply for receiving ink, the media comprising a support bearing an ink-receiving layer containing a complex of a polyvalent metal cation and a ligand, wherein the complex has a stability constant, K1, in the range of 0.3 to 6.0. The system gives images with excellent gloss, coalesence, and image quality.

Abstract: An inkjet printer, includes an ink containing a print uniformity improving polymer obtained by chain copolymerizing at least the following ethylenically unsaturated monomers: (a) a first monomer having a lowest pKa value greater than 3 and comprising a carboxylic acid group; (b) a second monomer having a lowest pKa value less than 2; and (c) a hydrophobic third monomer; together with pigment particles that are self-dispersed or dispersed with a dispersant other than a print uniformity improving polymer, and water. Such an ink provides improve print uniformity.

Abstract: An inkjet recording element comprises a support having thereon at least one ink-receiving layer, including a porous fusible layer comprising fusible polymeric particles and a thermoresponsive polymer that is capable of exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature below 20° C.

Abstract: An inkjet printing system, comprises: a printer, a pigment ink composition, and a dry recording media supply for receiving ink, the media comprising a support bearing an ink-receiving layer containing a complex of a polyvalent metal cation and a ligand, wherein the complex has a stability constant, K1, in the range of 0.3 to 6.0. The system gives images with excellent gloss, coalesence, and image quality.

Abstract: An inkjet printer, includes an ink containing a print uniformity improving polymer obtained by chain copolymerizing at least the following ethylenically unsaturated monomers: (a) a first monomer having a lowest pKa value greater than 3 and comprising a carboxylic acid group; (b) a second monomer having a lowest pKa value less than 2; and (c) a hydrophobic third monomer; together with pigment particles that are self-dispersed or dispersed with a dispersant other than a print uniformity improving polymer, and water. Such an ink provides improve print uniformity.

Abstract: An inkjet recording element comprising a support having thereon in order, from top to bottom, a fusible, porous ink-transporting layer comprising fusible polymeric particles, which particles comprise a thermoplastic polymer with reactive functional groups, the ink-transporting layer further comprising a multifunctional compound having complementary reactive functional groups capable of crosslinking the reactive functional groups on the thermoplastic polymer. The ink-transporting layer is over a fusible dye-trapping layer that preferably comprises a mordant. Optionally, an ink-carrier-liquid receptive layer is present between the dye-trapping layer and the support.

Abstract: A method of printing on an inkjet recording element having a support having thereon in order: a) a porous upper fusible layer of fusible polymeric materials and a binder, b) a porous ink-receiving layer in which pigmented ink is stratified such that, after fusing the printed element, greater than 50% of the printed pigment colorant particles in the inkjet ink composition is retained in the bottom half of the upper porous fusible layer.