Abstract: An apparatus and a method for disabling a ground engaging traction device of a land vehicle includes at least one penetrator configured to breach the traction device, an articulated strap configured to move the apparatus between a retracted arrangement and an extended arrangement, a mass configured to deploy the apparatus to the extended arrangement, and a retractor configured to retract the apparatus to the retracted arrangement. The penetrators can be arranged in sections and the penetrators can be arranged so as to be multi-directional within each section.

Abstract: Described herein is an apparatus comprising an electrochemical cell that employs a capacitive counter electrode and a faradaic working electrode. The capacitive counter electrode reduces the amount of redox products generated at the counter electrode while enabling the working electrode to generate redox products. The electrochemical cell is useful for controlling the redox products generated and/or the timing of the redox product generation. The electrochemical cell is useful in assay methods, including those using electrochemiluminescence. The electrochemical cell can be combined with additional hardware to form instrumentation for assay methods.

Abstract: Embodiments of near-infrared (NIR) dyes are disclosed, along with methods and kits for detecting analytes with the NIR dyes. The NIR dyes have a structure according to the general structure At least one of R1/R2, R2/R3, R3/R4, R5/R6, R6/R7, and/or R7/R8 together forms a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or aryl.

Abstract: A hitch apparatus includes a an elongated hitch member having a distal free end and an opposite proximal end. The hitch member is configured to be movably secured within a hitch receiver of a vehicle, and movable between retracted and extended positions relative to the hitch receiver. A first locking mechanism is operably secured to the hitch receiver and releasably engages the hitch member to maintain the hitch member in a retracted position. A housing is attached to the hitch member distal end. The housing includes an opening formed through a portion thereof, and a shaft is movably secured within the housing and is axially rotatable within the housing. A second locking mechanism is operably secured to the housing that releasably engages the shaft to prevent rotation of the shaft. An elongated coupler arm extends through the housing opening and is secured to the shaft such that the coupler arm rotates with the shaft.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oral dosage formulations consisting of at least one active ingredient contained in a plurality of hydrophobic carriers dispersed in an aqueous medium comprising a hydrocolloid. The active ingredients include various energy supplements, such as caffeine and vitamins. The formulations may further include emulsifiers, permeation enhancers, and vasodilators. The invention further relates to methods of making the oral dosage formulations.

Abstract: A method for printing a three-dimensional crystalline structure such as a chocolate layer wherein, after printing, the material has a desired crystal structure. An embodiment can include printing a liquid first layer of material with a printer onto a second layer of material having a crystal structure. Subsequently, the printed liquid first layer is processed to solidify the first layer. During the processing of the printed liquid first layer, the second layer functions as a crystal seed layer through physical contact with the printed liquid first layer and the second layer crystallizes with the crystal structure.

Abstract: A method and a system for improving operation of a hybrid vehicle are presented. In one example, an engine exhaust after treatment device is cooled at an opportunistic time. The approach may provide improved cooling for exhaust after treatment devices and it may also improve vehicle emissions.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to audibly provide messages in a mobile device at described. An example method includes determining that audio of a voicemail includes a predetermined phrase and, in response to determining that the audio includes the predetermined phrase, audibly presenting the voicemail while the electronic device is set to at least one of a silent mode, a quiet mode, and a lock mode.

Abstract: First and second images are captured at first and second focal lengths, the second focal length being longer than the first focal length. Element sets are defined with a first element of the first image and a corresponding second element of the second image. Element sets are identified as background if the second element thereof is more in-focus than or as in-focus as the first element. Background elements are subtracted from further analysis. Comparisons are based on relative focus, e.g. whether image elements are more or less in-focus. Measurement of absolute focus is not necessary, nor is measurement of absolute focus change; images need not be in-focus. More than two images, multiple element sets, and/or multiple categories and relative focus relationships also may be used.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to systems and methods that allow for system control. Certain embodiments allow for creating a hold on an amount of a user's available credit balance and releasing the hold upon the occurrence of an event. Other embodiments allow for the comparison of user transaction history to transaction history of other users having similar demographic characteristics. Further embodiments allow for the conversion of a previously completed transaction to an installment plan.

Abstract: Embodiments for performing an automatic stop-start operation are provided. In one example, a method for an engine comprises during an automatic stop, injecting a water-containing fluid onto a closed intake valve of a cylinder while the engine is at rest, and on a subsequent restart, fueling the cylinder after at least one intake stroke and subsequent exhaust stroke are performed in the cylinder.

Abstract: A containment vessel includes a tank having a front wall, a back walk two side wails, and a base. A top perimeter is defined by a top edge of the front wall, the back wall, and the two side watts and a bottom perimeter is defined by the intersection of each edge of a perimeter of the base and a bottom edge of each of the front wall, the back wall, and the two side walls. An over-frame is coupled to both the top perimeter and the bottom perimeter to at least partially visibly conceal the top perimeter and the bottom perimeter. The over-frame includes an over-frame top portion having a plurality of corner elements and side elements that are coupled together and an over-frame bottom portion having a plurality of corner elements and side elements that are coupled together.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring inefficient flow rates in a liquid-flow distribution system, such as that which is used in agricultural liquid application equipment. This may include blockages or punctures in a liquid line. The system generally includes a plurality of gauges for monitoring the supply line flow rate in a liquid application system which are monitored by a number of sensors. Immediate feedback is presented to the operator of the vehicle inside the cab. The system alerts the operator when a blockage, loss, or increase of flow rate has occurred in one of the liquid lines. The system may merely indicate that one of the lines is blocked, or the system may be more sophisticated such that it can indicate which line is blocked and adjust the flow in that line in an attempt to clear the blockage.

Abstract: An improved bypass valve assembly for a plunger lift apparatus comprises a bypass valve cage having improved flow characteristics and a simplified clutch assembly having enhanced durability and low cost.

Abstract: A combustor for a gas turbine generally includes a radial flow fuel nozzle having a fuel distribution manifold, and a fuel injection manifold axially separated from the fuel distribution manifold. The fuel injection manifold generally includes an inner side portion, an outer side portion, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced fuel ports that extend through the outer side portion. A plurality of tubes provides axial separation between the fuel distribution manifold and the fuel injection manifold. Each tube defines a fluid communication path between the fuel distribution manifold and the fuel injection manifold.

Abstract: Users perform in-application purchases when logged in to an electronic financial application. User funds are transferred into an intermediate account at the user's financial institution, and merchants are paid from a guaranteed account at a separate financial institution. Non-real-time settlement is performed between the intermediate account and the guaranteed account.

Abstract: A method for ammonia synthesis using a water-gas shift membrane reactor (WGSMR) is presented. The method includes carrying out a water-gas shift reaction in the WGSMR to form a first product stream and a carbon dioxide (CO2) stream, wherein the first product stream includes nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2), and a molar ratio of H2 to N2 in the first product stream is about 3. The method further includes separating at least a portion of the residual CO2 in the first product stream in a CO2 separation unit to form a second product stream, and separating at least a portion of the residual CO2 and carbon monoxide (CO) in the second product stream in a methanator unit to form a third product stream. The method further includes generating an ammonia stream from the third product stream in an ammonia synthesis unit. A system for ammonia synthesis is also presented.

Abstract: A method including processing social network data to establish a tensor model of the social network data, the tensor model having at least an order of four. The tensor model is decomposed into a plurality of principal factors. A summary tensor is synthesized from a subset of the plurality of principal factors. The summary tensor represents a plurality of relationships among a plurality of entities in the tensor model. A synthesis of relationships is formed and stored. At least one parameter is identified using one of the summary tensor and a single principal factor in the subset. The at least one parameter is selected from the group consisting of: a correlation among the plurality of entities, a similarity between two of the plurality of entities, and a time-based trend of changes in the synthesis of relationships. The at least one parameter is communicated.

Abstract: Protection of a motor controller from a transient voltage and/or an over-voltage condition is described. A drive circuit includes a rectifier portion and at least one inductive device coupled to the rectifier portion. The drive circuit further includes at least one voltage clamping device coupled in parallel with the at least one inductive device, and at least one switching device configured to open as a function of a direct current (DC) link voltage value.

Abstract: Novel, crosslinked polymers using biomass derived materials, such as aldaric acids and derivatives, are provided. The polymers can be used as hydrogels and in antimicrobial compositions.