Abstract: In response to the threat of global pandemics and bacterial species becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotic attack, this invention provides systems and methods for reducing the infectivity of bacteria and viruses in the human body by introducing onto the human body or into the human body or onto personal protective equipment or any combination thereof aqueous solutions containing a combination of solutes that simultaneously chemically modify bacterial and viral proteins so as to disrupt their normal function and disrupt the physical integrity of bacterial and viral lipid membranes by providing destabilizing pH, disulfide bond reduction capability, lipid membrane disruption (detergent) capability, hyperosmotic stress and interference with the binding of viral or bacterial proteins to cellular surface proteins.

Abstract: The invention described here provides a novel method of preventing the loss of focus and range of colors when digital image files are expanded to a larger size. Unlike interpolation algorithms and algorithms using Fourier analysis to create new pixels, the present system uses a combination of pseudo-randomizing functions and user controlled edge detection to enhance edges initially softened by expansion using interpolation algorithms. The resulting images can be optimized to provide a superior approximation to what would be an accurate photographic representation at the larger image size. Furthermore, the flexibility in edge detection sensitivity allows the operator to strongly mitigate the structural artifacts produced by lossy compression algorithms such as the jpeg system and sampling errors widespread in very small images. As a result files as small as 200 kilobytes can be effectively expanded to 250 or even 500 megabytes in many cases.

Abstract: Systems and methods for separating charged molecules on the basis of their differential electrostatic binding to a charged stationary phase comprise controlling the creation of simultaneous independent or dependent pH and additive gradients.