Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining types of digital versatile discs (DVDs) are provided. The method includes setting related parameters, acquiring a wobble signal from a DVD, setting a frequency dividing factor, and dividing the frequency of the wobble signal by the frequency dividing factor. Then, the time required for the digital versatile disc to spin one round, which is driven by a spindle motor of a disc player, is set as a unit time to calculate the frequency of the frequency-divided wobble signal. Finally, the type of the digital versatile disc is determined according to the frequency of the wobble signal.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining types of digital versatile discs (DVDs) are provided. The method includes setting related parameters, acquiring a wobble signal from a DVD, setting a frequency dividing factor, and dividing the frequency of the wobble signal by the frequency dividing factor. Then, the time required for the digital versatile disc to spin one round, which is driven by a spindle motor of a disc player, is set as a unit time to calculate the frequency of the frequency-divided wobble signal. Finally, the type of the digital versatile disc is determined according to the frequency of the wobble signal.

Abstract: A method for determining the type of a digital versatile disc (DVD) so that a DVD+ can be distinguished from a DVD?. The main steps for determining the type of a DVD include setting up related parameters, reading a general wobble signal or a wobble signal within the general wobble signal from a DVD to obtain a peak hold value and a trough hold value. The peak and trough hold values of the general wobble signal are read to derive a peak-to-peak voltage. Finally, if the peak-to-peak voltage is greater than a predetermined threshold value, the DVD is classified as a DVD?, otherwise it is classified as a DVD+. Furthermore, a DVD-ROM disc can be determined.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming shallow and deep isolation trenches in a substrate so that the shallow and deep isolation trenches are aligned without mis-registration. The method includes forming a plurality of shallow trenches, covering a portion of the plurality of shallow trenches, then etching the uncovered shallow trenches to create deeper trenches.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming shallow and deep isolation trenches in a substrate so that the shallow and deep isolation trenches are aligned without mis-registration. The method includes forming a plurality of shallow trenches, covering a portion of the plurality of shallow trenches, then etching the uncovered shallow trenches to create deeper trenches.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming shallow and deep isolation trenches in a substrate so that the shallow and deep isolation trenches are aligned without mis-registration. The method includes forming a plurality of shallow trenches, covering a portion of the plurality of shallow trenches, then etching the uncovered shallow trenches to create deeper trenches.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming shallow and deep isolation trenches in a substrate so that the shallow and deep isolation trenches are aligned without mis-registration. The method includes forming a plurality of shallow trenches, covering a portion of the plurality of shallow trenches, then etching the uncovered shallow trenches to create deeper trenches.

Abstract: An associative text search and retrieval system uses one or more front end processors to interacting with a network having one or more user terminals connected thereto to allow a user to provide information to the system and receive information from the system. The system also includes storage for a plurality of text documents, and at least one processor, coupled to the front end processors and the document storage. The processor(s) search the text documents according to a search request provided by the user and provide to the front end processor a predetermined number of retrieved documents containing at least one term of the search request. The retrieved documents have higher ranks than documents not provided to the front end processor. The ranks are calculated using a formula that varies according to the square of the frequency in each of the text documents of each of the search terms.