Abstract: A crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where from about 0.05 atom % to about 5 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by divalent copper (Cu+2) atoms is disclosed. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising as a chromium-containing component the crystalline copper-substituted alpha-chromium oxide; and methods for preparing a composition comprising the crystalline copper-substituted alpha-chromium oxide. One method involves (a) co-precipitating a solid by adding ammonium hydroxide to an aqueous solution of a soluble copper salt and a soluble trivalent chromium salt that contains at least three moles of nitrate per mole of chromium in the solution and has a copper concentration of from about 0.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing an olefinic compound from a least one compound selected from hydrocarbons and halohydrocarbons containing at least two carbon atoms and at least two hydrogen atoms. The process involves (a) directing light from a light source through the wall of a reactor to interact with reactants comprising chlorine and said at least one compound in said reactor, thereby producing a saturated halogenated hydrocarbon having increased chlorine content by photochlorination, and (b) dehydrohalogenating said saturated halogenated hydrocarbon produced by the photochlorination in (a); and is characterized by the light directed through the reactor wall being directed through a poly(perhaloolefin) polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising fluorinated olefins or fluorinated ketones, and at least one alcohol, halocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon, or fluoroether. In one embodiment, these compositions are azeotropic or azeotrope-like. In another embodiment, these compositions are useful in cleaning applications as a degreasing agent or defluxing agent for removing oils and/or other residues from a surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are refrigerant and heat transfer fluid compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one hydrofluorocarbon for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems employing a centrifugal compressor. The compositions may be azeotropic or near-azeotropic.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene compositions for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, particularly in centrifugal compressor systems. Also disclosed are 5 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene in combination with hydrofluorocarbons, which are azeotropic or near azeotropic.

Abstract: A photochemical reaction apparatus including a reactor and a light source situated so that light from the light source is directed through a portion of the reactor wall is disclosed. The apparatus is characterized by the portion of the reaction wall comprising a copolymer of a perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether). The perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) is selected from the group consisting of CF30CF?CF2, C2F5OCF?CF2, C3F7OCF?F2, and mixture thereof. Also disclosed is a photochemical reaction process wherein light from a light source is directed through said reactor wall to interact with reactants in said reactor. A process for increasing the fluorine content of at least one compound selected from hydrocarbons and halohydrocarbons, comprising: (a) photochlorinating said at least one compound; and (b) reacting the halogenated hydrocarbon produced in (a) with HF.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions that are useful in refrigerain or air conditioning apparatus or as heat transfer fluids. The compositions of the present invention are also useful in centrifugal compressor apparatus that employ two-stage compressors or single slab.single pass heat exchangers.

Abstract: A photochemical reaction apparatus including a reactor and a light source situated so that light from the light source is directed through a portion of the reactor wall is disclosed. The apparatus is characterized by the portion of the reaction wall comprising a functionalized copolymer of a terminally functionalized perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether). Also described is a photochemical reaction process using said reactor. The functional group of the copolymer of the apparatus and the process is selected from —SO2F, —SO2CI, —SO3H, —CO2R (where R is H or C1-C3 alkyl), —PO3H2, and salts thereof. A process for increasing the flourine content of at least one compound selected from hydrocarbons and halohydrocarbons, comprising: (a) photochlorinating said at least one compound, and (b) reacting the halogenated hydrocarbon in (a) with HF.

Abstract: Compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4(trifluoromethyl)-3 pentanone can be used in heat transfer refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The compositions may be in combination with fluoroethers. The compositions may be azeotropic or near azeotropic.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions further comprising hydrofluorocarbon, N-(difluoromethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-2-[(pentafluoroethyl)thio]ethane or mixtures thereof, which are useful in refrigerain or air conditioning apparatus or as heat transfer fluids. The compositions of the present invention are also useful in centrifugal compressor apparatus that employ two-stage compressors or single slab.single pass heat exchangers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions further comprising and a fluoroether compound, which are useful in refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus or as heat transfer fluids. The compositions of the present invention are also useful in centrifugal compressor apparatus that employ two-stage compressors or single slab/single pass heat exchangers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising fluorinated olefins or fluorinated ketones, and at least one alcohol, halocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon, or fluoroether. In one embodiment, these compositions are azeotropic or azeotrope-like. In another embodiment, these compositions are useful in cleaning applications as a degreasing agent or defluxing agent for removing oils and/or other residues from a surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions further comprising fluoroether, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane, and hydrofluorocarbon, which are useful in refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus or as heat transfer fluids. The compositions of the present invention are also useful in centrifugal compressor apparatus that employ two-stage compressors or single slab/single pass heat exchangers.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of CF3CH2CHF2 and CF3CH2CF3 is disclosed. The process involves (a) reacting HF and at least one halopropene of the formula CX3CCl?CClX (where each X is independently F or Cl) to produce a product including both CF3CCl?CF2 and CF3CHClCF3; (b) reacting CF3CCl?CF2 and CF3CHClCF3 produced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product including both CF3CH2CHF2 and CF3CH2CF3; and (c) recovering CF3CH2CHF2 and CF3CH2CF3 from the product produced in (b). In (a), the CF3CCl?CF2 and CF3CHClCF3 are produced in the presence of a fluorination catalyst including a ZnCr2O4/crysta ?-chromium oxide composition, a ZnCr2O4/crystalline ?-chromium oxide composition which has been treated with a flourinating a agent, a zinc halide/?-chromium oxide composition and/or a zinc halide?-chromium oxide composition which has been treated with a fluorinating agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluoroolefin compositions. The fluoroolefin compositions of the present invention are useful as refrigerants or heat transfer fluids and in processes for producing cooling or heat. Additionally, the fluoroolefin compositions of the present invention may be used to replace currently used refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions that have higher global warming potential.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing residue from a surface comprising: contacting the surface with a composition comprising at least one unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of compounds having the formula E- or Z-R1CH?CHR2, wherein R1 and R2 are, independently, C1 to C6 perfluoroalkyl groups, or C1 to C6 hydrofluoroalkyl groups, and recovering the surface from the composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to cleaning compositions comprising unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons. The invention further relates to use of said cleaning compositions in methods to clean, degrease, deflux, dewater, and deposit fluorolubricant. The invention further relates to novel unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons and their use as cleaning compositions and in the methods listed above.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are azeotrope or near-azeotrope compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). These compositions are useful in processes to produce and purify HFC-1234yf. Additionally, disclosed herein are processes for the manufacture of HFC-1234yf.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are propellants comprising fluorocarbons and/or hydrofluorocarbons. Also disclosed are sprayable compositions comprising the propellants.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are blowing agents comprising fluorocarbons and/or hydrofluorocarbons useful in foamable compositions. Also disclosed are methods for forming a foam comprising the aforementioned blowing agents.