Abstract: There are provided herein novel catalytic approaches of producing deoxygenated bio-oil in fast pyrolysis reaction conditions. In one embodiment, HZSM-5 zeolite was modified by loading bimetallic catalyst compounds, resulting in new catalysts including MoAg/HZSM-5 and MoZn/HZSM-5. Both catalysts showed higher reactivity towards methane activation than molybdenum-only loaded catalysts. MoAg/HZSM-5 tended to catalyze dealkylation of alkylated benzenes thus yielded a product with high selectivity towards benzene. A dramatic increase in the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons was noticed when MoZn/HZSM-5 was used for catalysis of switchgrass under methane atmosphere. The final liquid hydrocarbons targeted according to this embodiment are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, naphthalene (BTEXN).

Abstract: Tungstates for use in removal of heavy metals, radionuclides, actinides and other contaminants is disclosed.

Abstract: A method includes combining an aqueous solution of sodium fumarate with an aqueous solution of iron chloride to form a mixture, and obtaining an iron coordination polymer as an amorphous compound formed as a precipitate from the mixture. The iron coordination polymer may be used to bind contaminants, such as arsenate and phosphate from water.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an explosive testing agent is disclosed. The method includes synthesizing hydrogen bronze nanoparticles and placing the nanoparticles on a test platform.

Abstract: A method includes combining an aqueous solution of sodium fumarate with an aqueous solution of iron chloride to form a mixture, and obtaining an iron coordination polymer as an amorphous compound formed as a precipitate from the mixture. The iron coordination polymer may be used to bind contaminants, such as arsenate and phosphate from water.

Abstract: A method is described for removing hard water components from water wherein the removed ions are not replaced by sodium ions. The method includes the steps of passing water having dissolved hard water components through a water-softening column containing a tungsten-based sorbent. The hard water components are reacted with tungsten based sorbent to remove the hard water components. The tungsten based sorbent is regenerated for later use in the step of reacting. The resulting by-products include calcium and magnesium or ammonium nitrate, all of which may be sold and used for various purposes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an explosive testing agent is disclosed. The method includes synthesizing hydrogen bronze nanoparticles and placing the nanoparticles on a test platform.

Abstract: A corrosion sensor is disclosed. The corrosion sensor has a retainer and a microcontroller retained by the retainer. A length of antenna wire arranged in a wound configuration is retained by the retainer and connected to the microcontroller. A corrosion sensitive element is conductively connected to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is programmed to receive a power signal from the antenna wire and test for corrosion of the corrosion sensitive element. The he microcontroller is also programmed to transmit a signal indicative of the test results via the antenna.

Abstract: A reagent comprising a reduced metal oxide in a carrier for exposure to a solvent for the detection of the presence of peroxide in the solvent is disclosed. The reduced metal oxide may be molybdenum bronze. The reagent may have a dark color before exposure to peroxide and have a light color after exposure to peroxide.