Abstract: There is disclosed an aqueous formulation for pretanning leather, which formulation comprises (a) a reductive saccharide having a dextrose equivalent of 10 to 100, and (b) an aliphatic dialdehyde containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and which is devoid of mineral salts. The leather treated with the novel aqueous composition (wet white leather) is eminently suitable for further processing, especially for the manufacture of leathers which are devoid of heavy metals.

Abstract: Water-emulsifiable or -dispersible physical forms of sterically hindered mines, UV absorbers and antioxidants and their use for thermal and photochemical stabilization of materials of plastics, textile coatings, imitation leather and leather are described. The physical forms comprisea) a sterically hindered amine,b) a UV absorber and/orc) an antioxidant andd) if appropriate, water and other additives.

Abstract: Dye mixtures comprising at least two metal-free dyes, one of which contains two to eight sulfo groups and the other three to eight sulfo groups, the mixture comprising at most one dye having two sulfo groups, are used for the dyeing of leather. Preferably, a trichromatic dye mixture comprising at least one yellow dye, at least one red dye and at least one blue dye is used. Leather can be dyed with these dye mixtures in brilliant shades.

Abstract: A process for pickling raw hides, which comprises treating a delimed raw hide with an aqueous liquor that comprises a reaction product of phenol and a sulfonating agent, the molar ratio of (phenol):(SO.sub.3) being (1):(1.1-2.2), and which is free from neutral salts. The raw hides obtainable by the novel process are suitable for further processing by all conventional tanning methods.

Abstract: Dye mixtures comprising at least two metal-free dyes of different colors having in each case two sulfo or carboxyl groups and a molecular weight of between 790 and 1100 are used for dyeing leather. A trichromatic dye mixture comprising at least one yellow dye of the formula (1), at least one red dye of the formula (2) and at least one blue dye of the formula (3) according to claim 2 is preferably used. Leather can be dyed in brilliant shades using these dye mixtures.

Abstract: A process for pickling and pretanning raw hides which comprises (I), pickling a raw hide in an aqueous liquor A which is devoid of salts and contains (a) a reaction product of phenol and a sulfonating agent, the molar ratio of (phenol):(SO.sub.3) being (1):(1.1-2.2), and (II), pretanning the pickled raw hide in the same bath by addition of an aqueous formulation B comprising (b) a reductive saccharide having a dextrose equivalent of 10 to 100, and (c) an aliphatic dialdehyde containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms. The combined one-bath pickling/pretanning process makes it possible to prepare, in treatment baths free from neutral salts and heavy metals, readily shaveable wet white leathers that are suitable for further processing by all conventional tanning methods.

Abstract: Leather is dyed using dye mixtures comprising at least two metal-free dyes each carrying a single sulfo or carboxyl group and having a molecular weight in the range from 450 to 700.It is preferred to use a trichromatic dyeing formulation comprising at least one yellow dye of formula (1), at least one red dye of formula (2) and at least one blue dye of formula (3) according to claim 2.Leather is dyed in brilliant shades with these dye mixtures.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of synthetic tanning agents comprising(A) a lithium salt of a synthetic, anionic aromatic tanning agent or the anionic non-condensed precursor thereof, and, as optional components,(B) a water-soluble chromium, aluminum, iron or zirconium salt or a mixture thereof, and(C) an alkali metal salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or of a pyrophosphateare prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of component (A) and optional component (C) with component (B), which may also be in the form of an aqueous solution, and are used as tanning agents for tanning bides or for retanning leather of all kinds. The lithium salts used as component (A) are novel and can be used as stain blockers for polyamide fibres or for enhancing the wetfastness properties of dyeings on polyamide fibres.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of pure, asymmetric 1:2 chromium complex dyes containing at least two groups which impart solubility in water, which process comprises reacting a mixture of two dyes of the formulaeF.sub.1 --(SO.sub.3 H).sub.t (1)andF.sub.2 --SO.sub.2 --Y (2)in which the symbols are as defined in claim 1 with a chromium donor in a molar ratio of 0.85:1.0 to 1.2:1.0 in a one-pot process under pressure at a temperature above 100.degree. C. and at a pH between 0 and 2 and then continuing the reaction at a slightly acid, neutral or slightly alkaline pH. The dyes obtained by the process according to the invention are suitable for dyeing, in particular, wool, silk, leather and synthetic polyamide fibres.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1:2 chromium, 1:2 cobalt, 1:2 nickel or 1:2 iron complex azo dyes diazotisation, coupling and metallizing, without isolation of the coupling product, which process comprises diazotizing at least one amine of the benzene or naphthalene series in aqueous solution and coupling the diazonium compound so obtained to at least one coupling component of the benzene or naphthalene series or of the heterocyclic series, such that the azo dye obtained as intermediate contains groups suitable for metal complex formation, and carrying out the diazotization or coupling in the presence of a chromium, cobalt, nickel or iron donor.The dyes obtained by the process of the invention are suitable for dyeing in particular wool or synthetic textile polyamide fibre materials as well as leather, and for use as wood mordant dyes.

Abstract: The use of compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which the symbols are as defined in claim 1, for dyeing leather is described.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for dyeing leather by the exhaust process, which comprises treating leather with an aqueous liquor which contains a formulation comprising a black anionic dye and a sulfonated carbon black. The leather dyeings obtained by this process have good allround fastness properties.

Abstract: The fibre-reactive formazan dyes of the formula ##STR1## where X is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, halogen, cyano or nitro, Y is .beta.-haloethyl or vinyl, m is 1, 2 or 3, n is 3 or 4, p is 0, 1 or 2 and q is 0 or 1, produce dyeings having good fastness properties on nitrogen-containing or hydroxyl-containing fibre materials.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of azo dyes of the formula ##STR1## in which X is --NH.sub.2 or --OH, A is a benzene or naphthalene radical which can be substituted by nitro, halogen, sulfo, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkanoylamino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxycarbonylamino, sulfonamido and sulfone groups and B is a benzene radical which is monosubstituted or disubstituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, or a naphthalene radical which can be substituted by amino, phenylamino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylamino and sulfo, or a 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazlone radical which can be substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl and C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoy, these radicals being bound to the azo group in the o-position with respect to the hydroxyl or amino groups, comprises diazotizing in aqueous solution an amine of the formula ##STR2## in the presence of at least one ketone of the formula ##STR3## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, independently of one another, are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1:2 metal complex azo dyes of formula ##STR1## wherein each X is hydrogen, halogen or nitro, K and K' are each independently of the other the radical of a coupling component of the benzene, naphthalene or pyrazolone series, Y and Y' are each --O-- or --N(R), wherein R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or phenyl, Me is chromium or cobalt and Ka is a cation, and Y and Y' are attached to K and K' adjacent to the azo group, by coupling and metallising, which process comprises coupling, in aqueous solution, a diazo component of formula ##STR2## wherein X is as defined for formula (1), in the presence of the 5- to 30-fold molar amount of sodium and/or potassium chloride, based on the molar amount of diazo component, and in the presence of a compound that donates a chromium or cobalt atom, to coupling components of formulaeHK--YH and HK'--Y'H (3),wherein K, K', Y and Y' are as defined for formula (1).

Abstract: Dyes suitable for dyeing a wide range of textile and non-textile materials, in particular for dyeing leather and pelts, having, in the form of the free acid, the formula ##STR1## wherein D.sub.1 and D.sub.2 are each independently of the other the radical of a diazo component of the benzene or naphthalene series which carries a hydroxy or carboxy in ortho-position to the azo group and which may or may not be further substituted,K is the radical of a coupling component of the benzene or naphthalene series or of the heterocyclic series which carries the group X in ortho-position to the azo group and which may or may not be further substituted,Me is chromium or cobalt,Q is an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or naphthyl radical or an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic-heterocyclic radical,R.sub.1 is unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl,R.sub.2 is hydrogen or independently has the meaning of R.sub.1, X is --O-- or --NR.sub.3,R.sub.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.

Abstract: 1:2 Cobalt complex dyes of the general formula I ##STR1## in which X.sub.1 is nitro or hydrogen, X.sub.2 is nitro, hydrogen, chlorine or methyl, Y.sub.1 is nitro or hydrogen, Y.sub.2 is nitro, hydrogen, chlorine or methyl, m and n, independently of each other, are each 1, 2 or 3, and Ka.sup.+ is a cation, and one of each pair of substituents X.sub.1 or X.sub.2 and Y.sub.1 or Y.sub.2 is nitro and the other is as defined but not nitro are especially suitable for dyeing wool or polyamide and, in particular, leather.

Abstract: Asymmetric 1:2-chrome complex dyes of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is the radical of 1-hydroxynaphthalene or 2-hydroxynaphthalene,R.sub.1 is hydrogen, chlorine or methyl,R.sub.2 is hydrogen, nitro or chlorine, andKa.sup.+ is a cation, and of the substituents X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 one is an SO.sub.3 group, and the other two are hydrogen, X.sub.3 being hydrogen when R.sub.1 is chlorine and R.sub.2 is hydrogen,give blue shades on leather and other polyamides, which shades are lightfast and fast to wet processing.

Abstract: Dyes suitable for dyeing wool, polyamide and leather in orange, brown or olive-brown shades are disclosed, the dyes having the formula ##STR1## wherein A and D are each independently of the other a benzene or napththalene radical of a diazo component, which component carries the hydroxyl or carboxyl group in the ortho-position to the azo group;B is the radical of a coupling component which carries the group X adjacent to the azo group;X is oxygen or a radical of the formula --R--, in which R is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;Y is a radical of the formula ##STR2## in which formulae R.sup.1 and R.sup.5 are each independently of the other hydrogen or sulfo, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or nitro, R.sup.6 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy or chlorine and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently of the other hydrogen, halogen, nitro or sulfo;Ar.sup.1 is a benzene or napththalene radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, nitro, sulfo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula (1) given in claim 1 are suitable for use as dyes for dyeing a wide range of textile and non-textile materials and in particular for dyeing leather and pelts.