Abstract: Techniques are provided for reference electrode-based battery imbalance diagnosis. In one embodiment, the techniques involve determining a state of health of a cell group, determining a state of health of a cell of the cell group, determining a cell imbalance of the cell group based on a comparison of the state of health of the cell group and the state of health of the cell, and generating an alert signal or a control signal based on the cell imbalance.

Abstract: An automated system to provide gas leak detection during battery manufacturing includes a battery system. A video of a gas leak occurring during a manufacturing stage of the battery system includes the gas leak as a gas vapor. A location of the gas leak is determined. A leak intensity value of the gas leak is identified to determine if the gas leak is minor and is less than or within a predetermined window or threshold permitting acceptance of the gas leak without repair, or if the gas leak requires further action including repair of the battery system.

Abstract: A severity estimation system for one or more occupants located in an interior cabin of a vehicle involved in a vehicle-related incident includes one or more microphones located within the interior cabin of the vehicle that capture audio-based inputs, an occupant monitoring system (OMS) that collects scene recognition inputs indicative of a status of the occupants, a restraint system that collects a plurality of restraint-based inputs indicative of one or more restraint-based mechanisms associated with an occupant of the vehicle being activated during the vehicle-related incident, a motion-based indicator system that collect the plurality of motion-based inputs indicative of the motion of the vehicle during the vehicle-related incident, and one or more controllers. The one or more controllers fuse together the audio-based indicator, the OMS indicator, the restraint-based indicator, and the motion-based indicator to determine an incident severity indicator corresponding to the one or more occupants.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method that, when executed by data processing hardware, causes the data processing hardware to perform operations comprising detecting one or more individuals within a proximity of a vehicle, gathering data concerning the one or more individuals, calculating a baseline gait for each of the one or more individuals, determining a physiology for each of the one or more individuals based on the data and the baseline gait, and calculating one or more vehicle settings based on the physiology and the baseline gait for each of the one or more individuals.

Abstract: An impairment detection process includes detecting an approach of an operator to a machine. The approach is monitored to determine a set of gait parameters of the operator based on an output of a set of gait sensors. The set of gait parameters is provided to a long short term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network which determines a gait score by regressing the set of gait parameters. The gait score is compared to an impairment threshold, and the operator is engaged in response to the gait score exceeding the impairment threshold.

Abstract: An accident severity estimation system for estimating the severity of an accident for a vehicle includes one or more microphones that capture a plurality of audio-based inputs indicative of verbal and non-verbal sounds emitted by one or more occupants of the vehicle. The accident severity estimation system also includes a vision system that captures a plurality of vision-based inputs representing image data indicative of the occupants, a motion-based input system that collects a plurality of motion-based inputs indicative of the motion of the vehicle during the accident, a thermal incident system that collects a plurality of thermal inputs indicative of thermal events within the vehicle, a propulsion system that provides a status-based input of the propulsion system of the vehicle, and one or more controllers.

Abstract: A vehicle airbag and restraint system includes a vehicle seat positioned in a vehicle. At least one pressure sensor is included with the vehicle seat to sense when a user is in contact with the vehicle seat. At least one airbag is opened in response to a vehicle crash event. A controller determines when the user is seated on the vehicle seat in a position different than a normally upright position thereby defining the user being out-of-position, and generates a signal applied by the controller to modify an opening sequence of the at least one airbag when the user is out-of-position.

Abstract: A wireless communication system for a battery cell incorporates an antenna for one-way or two-way wireless communication, wherein the antenna is an integral portion of the battery cell. This includes a battery cell including an anode, a separator, and a cathode that are disposed in a cavity that is formed in a flexible-walled container (pouch), a controller, and an antenna. The pouch includes a first wall that is opposed to a second wall, wherein the first wall and the second wall define the cavity. The first wall includes a metal foil that is laminated between an inner layer and an outer layer. The antenna is formed from a first portion of the metal foil of the first wall of the pouch.

Abstract: A system for detecting a lithium dendrite in a battery cell is provided. The system includes the battery cell including an anode and a cathode. The battery cell further includes a conductive prewarning layer disposed between the anode and the cathode and constructed with a porous material. The battery cell further includes a separator layer disposed between the conductive prewarning layer and the cathode, wherein the separator layer is configured for allowing ions to pass through the separator layer. The system further includes a sensor electrically connected to the anode and the conductive prewarning layer and monitoring data related to a voltage potential between the anode and the conductive prewarning layer. The data is useful to identify a decrease in the voltage potential between the anode and the conductive prewarning layer and diagnose existence of the lithium dendrite.

Abstract: A vehicle event database includes simulation-based vehicle event metadata associated with a vehicle architecture. The metadata is generated by determining vehicle event pulses, applying the vehicle event pulses to a vehicle simulation model, collecting injury data associated with body regions of a simulated occupant within the vehicle simulation model, and predicting a probability of injury to the body regions of an actual occupant of a vehicle having the vehicle architecture based on the injury data. A vehicle event notification is received from a vehicle. Vehicle data and occupant data are received. The simulation-based vehicle event metadata associated with the vehicle architecture of the vehicle is retrieved from the vehicle event database. An injury to a first body region of the body regions of the actual occupant is predicted based on the vehicle data, the occupant data, and the simulation-based vehicle event metadata using an injury prediction model.

Abstract: A method for regulating a state of charge of a reference electrode in a battery cell may include determining a reference electrode state of charge (SOC) of the reference electrode. The battery cell includes an anode, a cathode, and the reference electrode. The reference electrode is disposed between the anode and the cathode. The method further may include comparing the reference electrode SOC to at least a predetermined low SOC threshold. The method further may include adjusting the reference electrode SOC in response to determining that the reference electrode SOC is less than or equal to the predetermined low SOC threshold or that the reference electrode SOC is greater than or equal to a predetermined high SOC threshold.

Abstract: An automated system to provide gas leak detection during battery manufacturing includes a battery system. A video of a gas leak occurring during a manufacturing stage of the battery system includes the gas leak as a gas vapor. A location of the gas leak is determined. A leak intensity value of the gas leak is identified to determine if the gas leak is minor and is less than or within a predetermined window or threshold permitting acceptance of the gas leak without repair, or if the gas leak requires further action including repair of the battery system.

Abstract: A vehicle airbag and restraint system includes a vehicle seat positioned in a vehicle. At least one pressure sensor is included with the vehicle seat to sense when a user is in contact with the vehicle seat. At least one airbag is opened in response to a vehicle crash event. A controller determines when the user is seated on the vehicle seat in a position different than a normally upright position thereby defining the user being out-of-position, and generates a signal applied by the controller to modify an opening sequence of the at least one airbag when the user is out-of-position.

Abstract: A severity estimation system for one or more occupants located in an interior cabin of a vehicle involved in a vehicle-related incident includes one or more microphones located within the interior cabin of the vehicle that capture audio-based inputs, an occupant monitoring system (OMS) that collects scene recognition inputs indicative of a status of the occupants, a restraint system that collects a plurality of restraint-based inputs indicative of one or more restraint-based mechanisms associated with an occupant of the vehicle being activated during the vehicle-related incident, a motion-based indicator system that collect the plurality of motion-based inputs indicative of the motion of the vehicle during the vehicle-related incident, and one or more controllers. The one or more controllers fuse together the audio-based indicator, the OMS indicator, the restraint-based indicator, and the motion-based indicator to determine an incident severity indicator corresponding to the one or more occupants.

Abstract: An accident severity estimation system for estimating the severity of an accident for a vehicle includes one or more microphones that capture a plurality of audio-based inputs indicative of verbal and non-verbal sounds emitted by one or more occupants of the vehicle. The accident severity estimation system also includes a vision system that captures a plurality of vision-based inputs representing image data indicative of the occupants, a motion-based input system that collects a plurality of motion-based inputs indicative of the motion of the vehicle during the accident, a thermal incident system that collects a plurality of thermal inputs indicative of thermal events within the vehicle, a propulsion system that provides a status-based input of the propulsion system of the vehicle, and one or more controllers.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for reference electrode-based battery imbalance diagnosis. In one embodiment, the techniques involve determining a state of health of a cell group, determining a state of health of a cell of the cell group, determining a cell imbalance of the cell group based on a comparison of the state of health of the cell group and the state of health of the cell, and generating an alert signal or a control signal based on the cell imbalance.

Abstract: A monitoring assembly for an electrochemical cell of a secondary lithium battery includes a porous sensory structure and a transducer. The porous sensory structure includes a sensory layer disposed on a major surface of a porous separator and a buffer layer disposed between the sensory layer and a facing surface of a negative electrode layer. The buffer layer electrically isolates the sensory layer from the facing surface of the negative electrode layer. The sensory layer includes an electrically conductive material and is configured to produce a response to an input signal or to a physical stimulus received within the electrochemical cell. The transducer is configured to process the response produced by the sensory layer to generate an output signal indicative of a diagnostic condition within the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A method for early detection of a stochastic preignition (SPI) in an internal combustion engine includes monitoring sensor data from a sensor that is coupled to the internal combustion engine of a vehicle, determining whether a SPI event will occur using the sensor data and a Hankel Alternative View of Koopman (HAVOK) model, and commanding the vehicle to take a corrective action before the SPI event occurs to prevent the SPI event from happening in response to determining that the SPI event will occur.

Abstract: A method for early detection of a stochastic preignition (SPI) in an internal combustion engine includes monitoring sensor data from a sensor that is coupled to the internal combustion engine of a vehicle, determining whether a SPI event will occur using the sensor data and a Hankel Alternative View of Koopman (HAVOK) model, and commanding the vehicle to take a corrective action before the SPI event occurs to prevent the SPI event from happening in response to determining that the SPI event will occur.

Abstract: A system for detecting and alleviating occupant seat discomfort includes a plurality of vehicle systems, a plurality of sensors, a human machine interface (HMI) and a controller. The plurality of vehicle systems control the interior environment of the vehicle. The plurality of sensors sense the interior environment of the vehicle and a condition of the occupant. The HMI receives an occupant profile. The occupant profile includes characteristics of the occupant and a plurality of occupant preferences. The controller is programmed to execute a method to adjust at least one of the plurality of vehicle systems based on the determination that the occupant is in a discomfort state.