Abstract: A light delivery apparatus includes a housing, an optical comb coupled to the housing, and at least one light source inside the housing. The optical comb includes a platform and an array of solid light guides extending from the platform. The optical comb includes an input surface and an exit surface. Substantially all light emitted by the light guides exits from the exit surfaces when in operation as provided by a reflective coating on each of the four or more light guides, as provided by a geometric shape of each of the four or more light guides, or both. The at least one light source is positioned to irradiate the input surfaces when the at least one light source is energized. Also, the at least one light source includes at least one light-emitting diode (LED) unit or at least one laser diode.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are strategies for verifying placement of a direct measurement tag useful for measuring Internet traffic of a plurality of users at a website. For example, a method may include receiving web page identification data that is derived from user clickstream data, determining a URL associated with a domain based on the webpage identification information, and providing a measurement code verification web crawler with the URL and the depth to which to explore the domain for verifying measurement code placement with the web crawler.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns a hybrid method for estimating Internet traffic including determining a fraction of a target population consisting of users displaying an identified characteristic by analysis of a census-based measurement of internet traffic for at least one website and receiving their clickstream data. The method also includes identifying a fraction of the group of participants that share the one or more characteristics, determining a behavioral composition by scaling the fraction of the group of participants by the fraction of the target population, and producing, at the host processing facility, an estimate of the target population's activity with respect to at least a part of the Internet that includes the at least one website by scaling the clickstream data for the subset of the group of participants by applying a weight based on the behavioral composition and the relative size of the target population.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are strategies for verifying placement of a direct measurement tag useful for measuring Internet traffic of a plurality of users at a website. For example, a method may include receiving web page identification data that is derived from user clickstream data, determining a URL associated with a domain based on the webpage identification information, and providing a measurement code verification web crawler with the URL and the depth to which to explore the domain for verifying measurement code placement with the web crawler.