Abstract: An ammonia-producing system comprises a reactor that catalytically converts nitrogen and hydrogen feed gases to ammonia to form a reaction mixture of the ammonia, unreacted nitrogen gas, and unreacted hydrogen gas. A feed system feeds the nitrogen and hydrogen gases to the reactor at a reaction pressure of from about 9 to about 100 atmospheres. A reactor control system controls the temperature during conversion of the nitrogen and hydrogen to ammonia by maintaining a reaction temperature of from about 330° C. to about 550° C. An absorbent selectively absorbs at least a portion of the ammonia from the reaction mixture, and an absorbent control system controls one or both of a temperature and pressure at the absorbent during selective absorption of the ammonia from the reaction mixture. A recycle line downstream of the absorbent recycles the unreacted nitrogen and unreacted hydrogen to the reactor.

Abstract: A system for producing ammonia comprises a reactor configured for receiving nitrogen feed gas and hydrogen feed gas, the reactor comprising a catalyst configured to convert at least a portion of the nitrogen gas and at least a portion of the hydrogen feed gas to ammonia to form a reactant mixture comprising the ammonia and unreacted nitrogen feed gas and unreacted hydrogen feed gas, an adsorbent configured to selective adsorb at least a portion of the ammonia from the reactant mixture, and a recycle line to recycle the unreacted nitrogen feed gas, the unreacted hydrogen feed gas, and unabsorbed ammonia to the reactor.

Abstract: An ammonia-producing system comprises a reactor that catalytically converts nitrogen and hydrogen feed gases to ammonia to form a reaction mixture of the ammonia, unreacted nitrogen gas, and unreacted hydrogen gas. A feed system feeds the nitrogen and hydrogen gases to the reactor at a reaction pressure of from about 9 to about 100 atmospheres. A reactor control system controls the temperature during conversion of the nitrogen and hydrogen to ammonia by maintaining a reaction temperature of from about 330° C. to about 550° C. An absorbent selectively absorbs at least a portion of the ammonia from the reaction mixture, and an absorbent control system controls one or both of a temperature and pressure at the absorbent during selective absorption of the ammonia from the reaction mixture. A recycle line downstream of the absorbent recycles the unreacted nitrogen and unreacted hydrogen to the reactor.

Abstract: Methods using homogeneous precipitation of a metal on a surface of a particle to prepare silica particles having the metal adsorbed thereon are disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, the silica particles having the metal adsorbed thereon can be used to prepare carbon coated silica particles. The carbon coated silica particles can be useful in a wide variety of applications including, for example, for use as sorbents in chromatography.

Abstract: A system for producing ammonia comprises a reactor configured for receiving nitrogen feed gas and hydrogen feed gas, the reactor comprising a catalyst configured to convert at least a portion of the nitrogen gas and at least a portion of the hydrogen feed gas to ammonia to form a reactant mixture comprising the ammonia and unreacted nitrogen feed gas and unreacted hydrogen feed gas, an adsorbent configured to selective adsorb at least a portion of the ammonia from the reactant mixture, and a recycle line to recycle the unreacted nitrogen feed gas, the unreacted hydrogen feed gas, and unabsorbed ammonia to the reactor.

Abstract: Methods using homogeneous precipitation of a metal on a surface of a particle to prepare silica particles having the metal adsorbed thereon are disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, the silica particles having the metal adsorbed thereon can be used to prepare carbon coated silica particles. The carbon coated silica particles can be useful in a wide variety of applications including, for example, for use as sorbents in chromatography.

Abstract: Metal oxide microspheres, particularly zirconia microspheres, produced by a method of hydrolysis of metal alkoxides in alcohol solutions in the presence of an organic acid or salt thereof with washing step or addition of a surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods for the preparation of porous inorganic particles. The methods involve combining an aqueous sol containing a colloidal dispersion of inorganic particles with a polymerizable organic material, polymerizing this material, and thereby forming aggregates of colloidal particles and polymer.