Abstract: An apparatus in a network of apparatuses includes a first processing unit that includes a first object unit that receives an item, a first test unit that applies different types of tests to the item and takes measurements, a first sensor that receives the outcomes from the tests and generates output signals, a first computation unit that receives the output signals and processes the output signals to generate parameter values; a first memory storing parameter data for the items, wherein the parameter data are useful for categorizing the item based on the measurements and output signals, and a first processing module including an artificial intelligence program. The first processing module automatically selects a source from which to receive new parameter data, automatically modifies the parameter data that are stored in the first memory using the new parameter data, and transmits the modified parameter data to a recipient.

Abstract: An apparatus in a network of apparatuses includes a first processing unit that has: a first measurement unit configured to receive items and take physical measurements, a first memory storing parameters that are useful for categorizing the items based on the physical measurements taken from the items and characteristics calculated using the physical measurements, and a first processing module including an artificial intelligence program. The first processing module automatically selects a source from which to receive new parameters based on similarity between physical measurements taken by the first processing unit and physical measurements that were taken by the sources, automatically modifies at least some of the parameters that are stored in the first memory with the new parameters received from the source and with measurements taken by the first processing unit to generate modified parameters, and transmitting a subset of the modified parameters to one or more recipients.

Abstract: An apparatus in a network of apparatuses includes a first processing unit that has: a first measurement unit configured to receive items and take physical measurements, a first memory storing parameters that are useful for categorizing the items based on the physical measurements taken from the items and characteristics calculated using the physical measurements, and a first processing module including an artificial intelligence program. The first processing module automatically selects a source from which to receive new parameters based on similarity between physical measurements taken by the first processing unit and physical measurements that were taken by the sources, automatically modifies at least some of the parameters that are stored in the first memory with the new parameters received from the source and with measurements taken by the first processing unit to generate modified parameters, and transmitting a subset of the modified parameters to one or more recipients.

Abstract: A network of apparatuses that characterizes items is presented. A self-updating apparatus includes a processing unit that has a memory storing parameters that are useful for characterizing different items, and a processing module configured to automatically select sources from which to receive data, modify the parameters based on the data that is received, and to select recipients of modified parameters. Selection of sources and recipients is based on comparison of parameters between the processing module and the sources, and between the processing module and the recipients, respectively. The processing unit may include an artificial intelligence program (e.g., a neural network such as a machine learning program). When used in a network, the processing units may “train” other processing units in the network such that the characterization accuracy and range of each processing unit improves over time.