Abstract: A novel, heterogeneous catalyst is useful in an improved process for the production of aldehydes and alcohols from olefinic hydrocarbons in the presence of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The catalyst consists of a polyphenylene substrate to which are bonded diphenylphosphine ligands complexed with a metal carbonyl, such as cobalt carbonyl. The catalyst has excellent thermal stability, is essentially insoluble in the reactants or reaction products, and is active in the hydroformylation reaction at a temperature of about 195.degree. C and a pressure of about 500 psig.

Abstract: Process of producing relatively pure esters, which comprises reacting a solution of organic acid compound in excess monohydroxy compound in the presence of a tetraalkyl titanate esterification catalyst to produce a monohydroxy solution of organic ester, treating the dissolved organic ester in the substantial absence of water at a temperature of at least 120.degree. C. with solid alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide adding at least two mols of water per mol of alkaline earth metal at up to 100.degree. C. and partitioning solid alkaline earth metal compound from the dissolved organic ester.

Abstract: A novel, heterogeneous catalyst is useful in an improved process for the production of aldehydes and alcohols from olefinic hydrocarbons in the presence of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The catalyst consists of a polyphenylene substrate to which are bonded diphenylphosphine ligands complexed with a metal carbonyl, such as cobalt carbonyl. The catalyst has excellent thermal stability, is essentially insoluble in the reactants or reaction products, and is active in the hydroformylation reaction at a temperature of about 195.degree. C and a pressure of about 500 psig.