Abstract: In an example, a method of fusing a 3D object layer with a stationary energy system positioned and a carriage that casts a shadow onto the work area includes, with one pass of the carriage moving over the work area at a constant speed, dispensing a liquid fusing agent onto a first layer of build material in a pattern corresponding to an object slice such that the exposure time of the patterned build material is unequal across the first layer and, with another pass of the carriage moving over the work area in the same direction and at the same constant speed as the first pass, spreading the next layer of build material over the first layer such that the exposure time of the patterned build material in the first layer is made equal across the first layer.

Abstract: In one example, a fusing system for an additive manufacturing machine includes a fusing lamp to heat build material in the work area, a heat sensor to measure a heat output of the fusing lamp, and a controller operatively connected to the fusing lamp and to the heat sensor to adjust the heat output of the fusing lamp to the work area based on a heat output measured by the heat sensor.

Abstract: In one example, a roller control process for a 3D printer includes stopping the layering roller rotating at angular home before the roller reaches linear home at the end of a fusing pass, measuring the duration between when the roller reaches angular home and when the roller reaches linear home, and, if the duration exceeds a threshold, then stopping the roller rotating at angular home at a distance closer to linear home in subsequent fusing passes until the duration does not exceed the threshold.

Abstract: In an example implementation, a method of fusing a 3D object layer includes, with a non-scanning, stationary energy system positioned over a work area, simultaneously irradiating the entirety of the work area uniformly with fusing light, wherein a carriage casts a shadow onto a portion of the work area and prevents fusing light from irradiating the portion of the work area when positioned between the fusing light and the work area. The method includes, with a first pass of the carriage from a first side to a second side of the work area, spreading a first layer of build material and dispensing a liquid fusing agent onto the first layer such that exposure time to the fusing light is unequal across the first layer, and with a second pass, returning the carriage to the first side.

Abstract: A retractable shade disposed between build material and a lamp facilitates uniform thermal processing across the length of a build bed by blocking emitted radiation from the lamp during movement of the pen across the build bed.

Abstract: In one example, a fusing system for an additive manufacturing machine includes a fusing lamp to heat build material in the work area, a heat sensor to measure a heat output of the fusing lamp, and a controller operatively connected to the fusing lamp and to the heat sensor to adjust the heat output of the fusing lamp to the work area based on a heat output measured by the heat sensor.

Abstract: In one example, a fusing system for an additive manufacturing machine includes a warmer to preheat unfused build material in a work area, a dispenser to dispense a fusing agent on to build material in the work area in a pattern corresponding to an object slice, a fusing lamp to fuse patterned build material in the work area, a temperature sensor to measure a temperature of preheated unfused build material in the work area, and a controller operatively connected to the warmer and to the temperature sensor to adjust a heat output of the warmer to the work area based on a temperature measured by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: In one example, a roller control process for a 3D printer includes stopping the layering roller rotating at angular home before the roller reaches linear home at the end of a fusing pass, measuring the duration between when the roller reaches angular home and when the roller reaches linear home, and, if the duration exceeds a threshold, then stopping the roller rotating at angular home at a distance closer to linear home in subsequent fusing passes until the duration does not exceed the threshold.

Abstract: In one example, a fusing system for an additive manufacturing machine includes a stationary lighting assembly positioned over a work area and structured to simultaneously irradiate the entire work area with fusing light.

Abstract: An example support structure assembly is described as including a brace, a media guide, and a compression member. An example brace includes a structure defining a mount area on a first surface of the brace and a first protrusion extending from a second surface of the brace. An example media guide includes a blade member, a hinge member, and a second protrusion extending away from the hinge member. An example compression member is coupled to the first protrusion of the brace and the second protrusion of the media guide to place a force on the media guide where a vector defines the force with a first component magnitude in a first direction towards the mount area that is greater than a second component magnitude in a second direction away from the mount area.

Abstract: An example support structure assembly is described as including a brace, a media guide, and a compression member. An example brace includes a structure defining a mount area on a first surface of the brace and a first protrusion extending from a second surface of the brace. An example media guide includes a blade member, a hinge member, and a second protrusion extending away from the hinge member. An example compression member is coupled to the first protrusion of the brace and the second protrusion of the media guide to place a force on the media guide where a vector defines the force with a first component magnitude in a first direction towards the mount area that is greater than a second component magnitude in a second direction away from the mount area.

Abstract: An example support structure assembly is described as including a brace, a media guide, and a compression member. An example brace includes a structure defining a mount area on a first surface of the brace and a first protrusion extending from a second surface of the brace. An example media guide includes a blade member, a hinge member, and a second protrusion extending away from the hinge member. An example compression member is coupled to the first protrusion of the brace and the second protrusion of the media guide to place a force on the media guide where a vector defines the force with a first component magnitude in a first direction towards the mount area that is greater than a second component magnitude in a second direction away from the mount area.

Abstract: Proton transport membranes and bipolar plates for use in fuel cell stacks are generally discussed herein with particular discussions extended to proton transport membranes and bipolar plates made from electrorheological (ER) fluids. By combining electrically polarizable aggregates, such as carbon particles, with a phase changing medium to form an electroset composition and exposing the same to an electric field, the composition behave as an ER fluid and the polarizable aggregates form long chains in the direction of the field gradient. The composition is permanently cured in this condition and resultant product may be used as membranes, if catalysts are added, or bipolar plates in a fuel cell stack.