Abstract: A method of reacting with to produce In this method Y1 and Y2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, Br, I, and combinations thereof. Additionally in this method M is selected from the group consisting of H, trialkylstannane, boronate, or ZnX, wherein X is Cl, Br, or I. Furthermore in this method Z is a divalent linking group selected from the group consisting of: Lastly, in this method R1 is selected from: H, unsubstituted or substituted branched alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms or unsubstituted or substituted linear alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A composition comprising In this composition Ar1 is independently selected from the group consisting of: and Ar2 is selected from Additionally in this composition, R1, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11, and R12 are independently selected from F, Cl, H, unsubstituted or substituted branched alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and unsubstituted or substituted linear alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms; and the compositional ratio of x/y ranges from about 1/99 to about 99/1, and n ranges from 1 to 1,000,000.

Abstract: A composition comprising: wherein the compositional ratio of x/y ranges from about 1/99 to about 99/1, and n ranges from 1 to 1,000,000. Additionally, in this composition, R? and R? are independently selected from: H, unsubstituted or substituted branched alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms, or unsubstituted or substituted linear alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method to produce