Abstract: An aircraft transparency in a glass piece, wherein the glass piece includes a chemically tempered first major surface and a chemically tempered opposite second major surface, a first case depth begins at the first major surface, a second case depth begins at the second major surface, and a tensile stress zone is within the glass piece between the end points of the first and the second case depths. The glass between the end points of the first and second case depth has a glass composition including: Ingredient Percent by weight SiO2 60 to 75; Al2O3 18 to 28; and Li2O 3 to 9, and the glass has at least one of the following properties (a) a log 10 viscosity temperature of at least 1413° F. and (b) a liquidus temperature of at least 2436° F.

Abstract: A glass composition for chemical tempering includes oxides in wt % ranges of: SiO2 60 to 75; Al2O3 18 to 28; Li2O 3 to 9; Na2O 0 to 3; K2O 0 to 0.5; CaO 0 to 3; MgO 0 to 3; ZrO2 0 to 3; where MgO+CaO is 0 to 6 wt %; Al2O3+ZrO2 is 18 to 28 wt %, and Na2O+K2O is 0.05 to 3.00 wt %. The glass has a log 10 viscosity temperature in the temperature range of 1328° F. (720° C.) to 1499° F. (815° C.); a liquidus temperature in the temperature range of 2437° F. (1336° C.) to 2575° F. (1413° C.), and a log 7.6 softening point temperature in the temperature range of 1544° F. (840° C.) to 1724° F. (940° C.). The chemically tempered glass has, among other properties, an abraded modulus of rupture of 72 to 78 KPSI, and a modulus of rupture of 76 to 112 KPSI.

Abstract: A glass composition for chemical tempering includes oxides in wt % ranges of: SiO2 60 to 75; Al2O3 18 to 28; Li2O 3 to 9; Na2O 0 to 3; K2O 0 to 0.5; CaO 0 to 3; MgO 0 to 3; ZrO2 0 to 3; where MgO+CaO is 0 to 6 wt %; Al2O3+ZrO2 is 18 to 28 wt %, and Na2O+K2O is 0.05 to 3.00 wt %. The glass has a log 10 viscosity temperature in the temperature range of 1328° F. (720° C.) to 1499° F. (815° C.); a liquidus temperature in the temperature range of 2437° F. (1336° C.) to 2575° F. (1413° C.), and a log 7.6 softening point temperature in the temperature range of 1544° F. (840° C.) to 1724° F. (940° C.). The chemically tempered glass has, among other properties, an abraded modulus of rupture of 72 to 78 KPSI, and a modulus of rupture of 76 to 112 KPSI.

Abstract: An aircraft transparency in a glass piece, wherein the glass piece includes a chemically tempered first major surface and a chemically tempered opposite second major surface, a first case depth begins at the first major surface, a second case depth begins at the second major surface, and a tensile stress zone is within the glass piece between the end points of the first and the second case depths. The glass between the end points of the first and second case depth has a glass composition including: Ingredient Percent by weight SiO2 60 to 75; Al2O3 18 to 28; and Li2O 3 to 9, and the glass has at least one of the following properties (a) a log 10 viscosity temperature of at least 1413° F. and (b) a liquidus temperature of at least 2436° F.

Abstract: A glass composition for chemical tempering includes oxides in wt % ranges of: SiO2 60 to 75; Al2O3 18 to 28; Li2O 3 to 9; Na2O 0 to 3; K2O 0 to 0.5; CaO 0 to 3; MgO 0 to 3; ZrO2 0 to 3; where MgO+CaO is 0 to 6 wt %; Al2O3+ZrO2 is 18 to 28 wt %, and Na2O+K2O is 0.05 to 3.00 wt %. The glass has a log 10 viscosity temperature in the temperature range of 1328° F. (720° C.) to 1499° F. (815° C.); a liquidus temperature in the temperature range of 2437° F. (1336° C.) to 2575° F. (1413° C.), and a log 7.6 softening point temperature in the temperature range of 1544° F. (840° C.) to 1724° F. (940° C.). The chemically tempered glass has, among other properties, an abraded modulus of rupture of 72 to 78 KPSI, and a modulus of rupture of 76 to 112 KPSI.

Abstract: A glass composition for chemical tempering includes oxides in wt % ranges of: SiO2 60 to 75; Al2O3 18 to 28; Li2O 3 to 9; Na2O 0 to 3; K2O 0 to 0.5; CaO 0 to 3; MgO 0 to 3; ZrO2 0 to 3; where MgO+CaO is 0 to 6 wt %; Al2O3+ZrO2 is 18 to 28 wt %, and Na2O+K2O is 0.05 to 3.00 wt %. The glass has a log 10 viscosity temperature in the temperature range of 1328° F. (720° C.) to 1499° F. (815° C.); a liquidus temperature in the temperature range of 2437° F. (1336° C.) to 2575° F. (1413° C.), and a log 7.6 softening point temperature in the temperature range of 1544° F. (840° C.) to 1724° F. (940° C.). The chemically tempered glass has, among other properties, an abraded modulus of rupture of 72 to 78 KPSI, and a modulus of rupture of 76 to 112 KPSI.

Abstract: A glass composition for chemical tempering includes oxides in wt % ranges of: SiO2 60 to 75; Al2O3 18 to 28; Li2O 3 to 9; Na2O 0 to 3; K2O 0 to 0.5; CaO 0 to 3; MgO 0 to 3; ZrO2 0 to 3; where MgO+CaO is 0 to 6 wt %; Al2O3+ZrO2 is 18 to 28 wt %, and Na2O+K2O is 0.05 to 3.00 wt %. The glass has a log 10 viscosity temperature in the temperature range of 1328° F. (720° C.) to 1499° F. (815° C.); a liquidus temperature in the temperature range of 2437° F. (1336° C.) to 2575° F. (1413° C.), and a log 7.6 softening point temperature in the temperature range of 1544° F. (840° C.) to 1724° F. (940° C.). The chemically tempered glass has, among other properties, an abraded modulus of rupture of 72 to 78 KPSI, and a modulus of rupture of 76 to 112 KPSI.

Abstract: Material selected from the group consisting essentially of molybdenum, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, copper, silver, potassium dichromate and iron chromite, is added during the manufacture of soda-lime-silica float glass to reduce the occurrences of nickel sulfide stone defects. Material is added in sufficient amounts such that the resulting glass is at least 0.010 wt. % selected material. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, molybdenum is added in the form of sodium molybdate such that the resulting glass is at least 0.015 wt. % molybdenum.

Abstract: A lighting unit having a filament serving as a supplementary light source, an improved gas discharge tube serving as a main light source having improved electrodes and an improved ballast circuit operating in cooperation with the improved electrodes is disclosed. Various embodiments of the improved electrodes and various embodiments of the improved ballast circuits are disclosed. The improved ballast circuit operating in cooperation with the improved electrodes provides for thermionic arc conditions in the operation of the gas discharge tube substantially immediately after the application of voltage applied to the unit.

Abstract: An electric discharge type device is described having electrode means which include a refractory metal substrate having sintered thereon an open porous coating of refractory metal particles at a thickness up to about 1 millimeter thickness with electron emissive material being disposed in the pores of said sintered refractory metal coating. Representative electric discharge devices having said improved electrode means include discharge type electric lamps and photographic flash tubes wherein the electrode members have an elongated shaped body which is terminated at one end to provide more surface area for the coatings sintered thereon. Various electron emissive materials can be employed for impregnation of the open porous coating of refractory metal particles by such conventional techniques as dipping or spraying.

Abstract: An electric discharge type device is described having electrode means which include a refractory metal substrate having sintered thereon an open porous coating of refractory metal particles at a thickness up to about 1 millimeter thickness with electron emissive material being disposed in the pores of said sintered refractory metal coating. Representative electric discharge devices having said improved electrode means include discharge type electric lamps and photographic flash tubes wherein the electrode members have an elongated shaped body which is terminated at one end to provide more surface area for the coatings sintered thereon. Various electron emissive materials can be employed for impregnation of the open porous coating of refractory metal particles by such conventional techniques as dipping or spraying.