Abstract: A method of detecting an anti-cancer drug in a solution including contacting a substrate with the solution and measuring a Raman signal of the anti-cancer drug in the solution. The substrate includes a layer of a nanomaterial that is at least partially coated on an outer surface of the substrate. The nanomaterial includes silver nanoparticles and a V2CTx MXene, where Tx is at least one selected from the group consisting of hydroxide (—OH), oxygen (—O), and fluorine (—F). The anti-cancer drug interacts with the nanomaterial on the outer surface of the substrate in the solution.

Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is described. The UAV includes a first battery to power multiple first and multiple second electronic components of UAV. A power consumption of each first electronic component is greater than a power threshold. A power consumption of each second electronic component is less than or equal to the power threshold. The UAV includes a generator and a battery management system (BMS). The generator generates an electrical power through rotation of a shaft of a motor of UAV. The BMS charges the first battery using the electrical power generated by the generator when the UAV is during operation and a stored charge of the first battery drops to a first predefined level, and charges a second battery using the stored charge of the first battery when a stored charge of the second battery drops to a second predefined level.

Abstract: A method of detecting Pd2+ in an aqueous solution is described. The method involves mixing an Eu-based metal organic framework with the aqueous solution and measuring the amount of fluorescence quenching. The fluorescence quenching is specific to Pd2+ and also allows a 44 ppb detection limit of Pd2+. The Eu-based metal organic framework may be treated with a metal chelator and reused for sensitive detection of Pd2+.

Abstract: A method of detecting Pd2+ in an aqueous solution is described. The method involves mixing an Eu-based metal organic framework with the aqueous solution and measuring the amount of fluorescence quenching. The fluorescence quenching is specific to Pd2+ and also allows a 44 ppb detection limit of Pd2+. The Eu-based metal organic framework may be treated with a metal chelator and reused for sensitive detection of Pd2+.

Abstract: A hollow fiber (HF) membrane incorporating molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanoparticles. The membrane may be composed of PPSU hollow fibers that are coated or encrusted with MoO3 nanoparticles and can be made by dry-wet spinning. The hollow fiber membranes containing MoO3 nanoparticles remove lead, cadmium or other heave metals from waste water and are resistant to attachment of bacteria and fouling.

Abstract: A method of removing at least one cationic dye from an aqueous solution. The method includes contacting the aqueous solution with an adsorbent comprising a water-insoluble membrane disposed on a substrate. The water-insoluble membrane comprises cross-linked humic acid, at least one alginate, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The contacting forms a treated aqueous solution having a lower concentration of the at least one cationic dye relative to the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method of removing at least one cationic dye from an aqueous solution. The method includes contacting the aqueous solution with an adsorbent comprising a water-insoluble membrane disposed on a substrate. The water-insoluble membrane comprises cross-linked humic acid, at least one alginate, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The contacting forms a treated aqueous solution having a lower concentration of the at least one cationic dye relative to the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A hollow fiber (HF) membrane incorporating molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanoparticles. The membrane may be composed of PPSU hollow fibers that are coated or encrusted with MoO3 nanoparticles and can be made by dry-wet spinning. The hollow fiber membranes containing MoO3 nanoparticles remove lead, cadmium or other heave metals from waste water and are resistant to attachment of bacteria and fouling.

Abstract: A mixed matrix membrane which is porous and has a cross section resembling a sponge. The membrane includes nanoparticle fillers which are also porous. The membrane may be freestanding or supported on a substrate. Methods of making the membrane by spin casting or solvent casting are described. Methods of separating a gas/organic vapor using the membrane are described.

Abstract: A method of removing at least one cationic dye from an aqueous solution. The method includes contacting the aqueous solution with an adsorbent comprising a water-insoluble membrane disposed on a substrate. The water-insoluble membrane comprises cross-linked humic acid, at least one alginate, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The contacting forms a treated aqueous solution having a lower concentration of the at least one cationic dye relative to the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method of removing at least one cationic dye from an aqueous solution. The method includes contacting the aqueous solution with an adsorbent comprising a water-insoluble membrane disposed on a substrate. The water-insoluble membrane comprises cross-linked humic acid, at least one alginate, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The contacting forms a treated aqueous solution having a lower concentration of the at least one cationic dye relative to the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A mixed matrix membrane which is porous and has a cross section resembling a sponge. The membrane includes nanoparticle fillers which are also porous. The membrane may be freestanding or supported on a substrate. Methods of making the membrane by spin casting or solvent casting are described. Methods of separating a gas/organic vapor using the membrane are described.

Abstract: A method of removing at least one cationic dye from an aqueous solution. The method includes contacting the aqueous solution with an adsorbent comprising a water-insoluble membrane disposed on a substrate. The water-insoluble membrane comprises cross-linked humic acid, at least one alginate, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The contacting forms a treated aqueous solution having a lower concentration of the at least one cationic dye relative to the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method for N-formylating an amine that includes reacting the amine and a formamide compound in the presence of a phosphonic anhydride to form an N-formylated amine. The phosphonic anhydride is present in an amount of 5-100 mol % relative to a total number of moles of the amine, and the reacting is performed for 1-24 hours at a temperature of 45-100° C.

Abstract: A method of removing at least one cationic dye from an aqueous solution. The method includes contacting the aqueous solution with an adsorbent comprising a water-insoluble membrane disposed on a substrate. The water-insoluble membrane comprises cross-linked humic acid, at least one alginate, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The contacting forms a treated aqueous solution having a lower concentration of the at least one cationic dye relative to the aqueous solution.