Abstract: A method for controlling radiation scattering, comprises: directing radiation to a metamaterial having an array of individually tunable and near field coupled resonators, varying an individual resonance frequency of at least one of the resonators to provide a collective resonance scattering of the radiation by the metamaterial, measuring a scattering signal of the collective resonance scattering of the radiation, and identifying the metamaterial based on the scattering signal.

Abstract: A method for controlling radiation scattering, comprises: directing radiation to a metamaterial having an array of individually tunable and near field coupled resonators, varying an individual resonance frequency of at least one of the resonators to provide a collective resonance scattering of the radiation by the metamaterial, measuring a scattering signal of the collective resonance scattering of the radiation, and identifying the metamaterial based on the scattering signal.

Abstract: An antenna system comprises a first end-fire antenna element and a second end-fire antenna element facing each other in a planar arrangement, the antenna elements being configured such as to cause destructive interference between individual end-fire radiations of the elements, while maintaining constructive interference generally perpendicular to the planar arrangement.

Abstract: A reflectarray for shaping electromagnetic radiation having a characteristic wavelength in an operating band of wavelengths, the reflectarray comprising: a planar backplane that reflects the electromagnetic radiation; a dielectric layer located on the backplane; a plurality of cells, each cell characterized by a maximum dimension less than the characteristic wavelength of the radiation and comprising an array of at least two antennas having different shapes that reflect the electromagnetic radiation; wherein the antennas in the plurality of cells are coplanar.

Abstract: A rectifying antenna device is disclosed. The device comprises a pair of electrode structures, and at least one nanostructure diode contacting at least a first electrode structure of the pair and being at least in proximity to a second electrode structure of the pair. At least one electrode structure of the pair receives AC radiation, and the nanostructure diode(s) at least partially rectifies a current generated by the AC radiation.

Abstract: A rectifying antenna device is disclosed. The device comprises a pair of electrode structures, and at least one nanostructure diode contacting at least a first electrode structure of the pair and being at least in proximity to a second electrode structure of the pair. At least one electrode structure of the pair receives AC radiation, and the nanostructure diode(s) at least partially rectifies a current generated by the AC radiation.

Abstract: An antenna system is disclosed. The system comprises a first end-fire antenna element and a second end-fire antenna element facing each other in a planar arrangement, the antenna elements being configured such as to cause destructive interference between individual end-fire radiations of the elements, while maintaining constructive interference generally perpendicular to the planar arrangement.

Abstract: A rectifying antenna device is disclosed. The device comprises a pair of electrode structures, and at least one nanostructure diode contacting at least a first electrode structure of the pair and being at least in proximity to a second electrode structure of the pair. At least one electrode structure of the pair receives AC radiation, and the nanostructure diode(s) at least partially rectifies a current generated by the AC radiation.

Abstract: A rotating optical resonator, a waveguide and a method of use of waveguide are disclosed. The rotating optical resonator may include at least two modes of different resonant frequencies shiftable towards each other by reducing a magnitude of rotation rate, said modes being joinable into a substantially degenerate mode by setting substantially zero rotation rate, said resonator being of an optical size smaller than five wavelengths of the substantially degenerate mode. The waveguide may include a plurality of coupled evenly degenerate split mode resonators, the split of the modes forming a stop band in a resonant band of the waveguide, the stop band of the waveguide thereby being changeable by changing an angular velocity of the waveguide while the vector of the angular velocity is non-parallel with respect to the waveguide.

Abstract: A displacement sensor comprising at least one pair of co-planar photonic crystal waveguide (PCWG) sections aligned along or parallel to a common axis and separated by a gap, one PCWG section of a pair operative to perform a displacement relative to the other section of the pair. In some embodiments, the sensor is linear, comprising two PCWG sections separated by a gap that forms a cross PCWG, the displacement sensing performed preferrably differentially between two edges of the cross PCWG. In other embodiments, the sensor includes Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) configurations with gaps between fixed and moving PCWG sections. Displacement induced changes in the gap widths are reflected in changes in an output parameter of the MZI.

Abstract: An optical device is presented for use in modulation of light and/or in sensing an external field, by at least partially, directly or indirectly exposing the device to the controllable or unknown external field. The device comprises a waveguide structure configured to define at least a first light channel having a light input and a light output, and having a first deformable resonating structure. The device thereby allows exposure of said at least first channel to the external field of the kind affecting a deformation of the first resonant structure thus causing a change in the first resonant wavelength, resulting in a corresponding change in at least one parameter of light output from said first channel, said change in the output light parameter being indicative of the external field.

Abstract: A displacement sensor comprising at least one pair of co-planar photonic crystal waveguide (PCWG) sections aligned along or parallel to a common axis and separated by a gap, one PCWG section of a pair operative to perform a displacement relative to the other section of the pair. In some embodiments, the sensor is linear, comprising two PCWG sections separated by a gap that forms a cross PCWG, the displacement sensing performed preferrably differentially between two edges of the cross PCWG. In other embodiments, the sensor includes Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) configurations with gaps between fixed and moving PCWG sections. Displacement induced changes in the gap widths are reflected in changes in an output parameter of the MZI.

Abstract: A rotating optical resonator, a waveguide and a method of use of waveguide are disclosed. The rotating optical resonator may include at least two modes of different resonant frequencies shiftable towards each other by reducing a magnitude of rotation rate, said modes being joinable into a substantially degenerate mode by setting substantially zero rotation rate, said resonator being of an optical size smaller than five wavelengths of the substantially degenerate mode. The waveguide may include a plurality of coupled evenly degenerate split mode resonators, the split of the modes forming a stop band in a resonant band of the waveguide, the stop band of the waveguide thereby being changeable by changing an angular velocity of the waveguide while the vector of the angular velocity is non-parallel with respect to the waveguide.

Abstract: A displacement sensor comprising at least one pair of co-planar photonic crystal waveguide (PCWG) sections aligned along or parallel to a common axis and separated by a gap, one PCWG section of a pair operative to perform a displacement relative to the other section of the pair. In some embodiments, the sensor is linear, comprising two PCWG sections seperated by a gap that forms a cross PCWG, the displacement sensing performed preferrably differentially between two edges of the cross PCWG. In other embodiments, the sensor includes Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) configurations with gaps between fixed and moving PCWG sections. Displacement induced changes in the gap widths are reflected in changes in an output parameter of the MZI.

Abstract: A method and device are presented for use in determining a rate of rotation of an object. The device comprises a light guide comprising an arrangement of a plurality of coupled optical resonators arranged along a curvilinear optical path. This allows for determining a change in at least one of the light phase and frequency affected by the light propagation through the curvilinear path during the device rotation, said change being indicative of the rotation rate of the light guide.

Abstract: An optical device is presented for use in modulation of light and/or in sensing an external field, by at least partially, directly or indirectly exposing the device to the controllable or unknown external field. The device comprises a waveguide structure configured to define at least a first light channel having a light input and a light output, and having a first deformable resonating structure. The device thereby allows exposure of said at least first channel to the external field of the kind affecting a deformation of the first resonant structure thus causing a change in the first resonant wavelength, resulting in a corresponding change in at least one parameter of light output from said first channel, said change in the output light parameter being indicative of the external field.

Abstract: A method and device are presented for use in determining a rate of rotation of an object. The device comprises a light guide comprising an arrangement of a plurality of coupled optical resonators arranged along a curvilinear optical path. This allows for determining a change in at least one of the light phase and frequency affected by the light propagation through the curvilinear path during the device rotation, said change being indicative of the rotation rate of the light guide.

Abstract: A displacement sensor comprising at least one pair of co-planar photonic crystal waveguide (PCWG) sections aligned along or parallel to a common axis and separated by a gap, one PCWG section of a pair operative to perform a displacement relative to the other section of the pair. In some embodiments, the sensor is linear, comprising two PCWG sections sperated by a gap that forms a cross PCWG, the displacement sensing performed preferrably differentially between two edges of the cross PCWG. In other embodiments, the sensor includes Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) configurations with gaps between fixed and moving PCWG sections. Displacement induced changes in the gap widths are reflected in changes in an output parameter of the MZI.

Abstract: A dynamically controllable photonic crystal comprises at least one micro-cavity, and electrical means to induce carrier refraction in the vicinity of the micro-cavity. In the exemplary case when the photonic crystal is implemented in a semiconductor substrate, localized carrier refraction is achieved using field induced carrier injection or depletion into a carrier concentration column surrounding the micro-cavity. Preferably, if the substrate is silicon, the injection and depletion is achieved using various two or three terminal, unipolar or bipolar structures.

Abstract: An antenna assembly (30) for a communication device (20) includes a feed structure (25), which has front and rear sides (26, 27), and which is coupled to be driven by the device so as to radiate an electromagnetic field in a given frequency band. An electrically reactive surface (28) is positioned adjacent to the rear side of the feed structure so as to define a cavity (35) between the feed structure and the reactive surface, thereby substantially nulling the electromagnetic field on the rear side of the feed structure.