Abstract: The present disclosure carefully controls the heating duty cycle of a Lambda sensor, utilizing higher heating temperatures during lean phases, such as a fuel cutoff event or the like. Essentially, there is a calibration routine that is executed via software and allows a Lambda sensor to at least one of preserve full function over time and recover from an erroneous state. Advantageously, Lambda sensor life expectancy is increased accordingly. Optionally, the heating temperature for the Lambda sensor is selectively increased by increasing an applied voltage to the Lambda sensor.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a Roots-type blower comprising a housing defining first and second transversely overlapping cylindrical chambers and at least one inlet port and an outlet port; first and second meshed, lobed rotors, each lobe having a top land sealingly cooperating with the cylindrical chambers; a plurality of control volumes for transfer of fluid, each control volume being defined by a pair of adjacent lobes on one of the rotors, and at least one of the cylindrical chambers; and blowholes formed within the cylindrical chambers in connection with meshing of the lobes of the first and second rotors. The blower further comprises at least one backflow slot extending through the housing wall of each cylindrical chamber for effecting a leakage of fluid from downstream the at least one outlet port into a control volume.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a Roots-type blower comprising a housing defining first and second transversely overlapping cylindrical chambers and at least one inlet port and an outlet port; first and second meshed, lobed rotors, each lobe having a top land sealingly cooperating with the cylindrical chambers; a plurality of control volumes for transfer of fluid, each control volume being defined by a pair of adjacent lobes on one of the rotors, and at least one of the cylindrical chambers; and blowholes formed within the cylindrical chambers in connection with meshing of the lobes of the first and second rotors. The blower further comprises at least one backflow slot extending through the housing wall of each cylindrical chamber for effecting a leakage of fluid from downstream the at least one outlet port into a control volume.