Abstract: A rheological system includes a sample chamber, a compressed air system configured to provide compressed air to pressurize the sample chamber, and a rotor configured for rheological measurement of a material with variable volume, the rotor including an elongated shaft extending to a measurement portion having a widened geometry relative to the elongated shaft. The rotor is dimensioned such that a compression ratio of at least 5 to 1 is achievable while maintaining material cover of the sample over the entirety of the measurement portion of the rotor, the compression ratio being defined by a decompressed volume of a sample when the sample chamber is not pressurized to a compressed volume of the sample when the sample chamber is pressurized. Methods of taking rheological measurements with such a rotor are also disclosed.

Abstract: A rheological system includes a sample chamber, a compressed air system configured to provide compressed air to pressurize the sample chamber, and a rotor configured for rheological measurement of a material with variable volume, the rotor including an elongated shaft extending to a measurement portion having a widened geometry relative to the elongated shaft. The rotor is dimensioned such that a compression ratio of at least 5 to 1 is achievable while maintaining material cover of the sample over the entirety of the measurement portion of the rotor, the compression ratio being defined by a decompressed volume of a sample when the sample chamber is not pressurized to a compressed volume of the sample when the sample chamber is pressurized. Methods of taking rheological measurements with such a rotor are also disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein are oral care compositions comprising a basic amino acid; a combination of zinc ion sources; and a thickening system comprising a nonionic cellulose ether having a viscosity, measured at 2% in water at 25° C., of 4500 to 7500 cps; and a polysaccharide gum; along with methods of making and using same.

Abstract: A processor generating a histogram of a set of data values receives a data value, and sets a corresponding register in each of two sets of registers based respectively on a decoded value represented by bits in a first and second set of positions in the received data value. The processor then simultaneously increments/updates each of multiple frequency counters (specifying frequency of occurrence of respective data values/ranges) by a value of a corresponding register in one of the two sets of registers if a value of a corresponding register in the other one of the two sets of registers is set. As a result, histogram generation is made efficient and fast. In an embodiment, 32 frequency counters are updated in 16 operations.

Abstract: A processor generating a histogram of a set of data values receives a data value, and sets a corresponding register in each of two sets of registers based respectively on a decoded value represented by bits in a first and second set of positions in the received data value. The processor then simultaneously increments/updates each of multiple frequency counters (specifying frequency of occurrence of respective data values/ranges) by a value of a corresponding register in one of the two sets of registers if a value of a corresponding register in the other one of the two sets of registers is set. As a result, histogram generation is made efficient and fast. In an embodiment, 32 frequency counters are updated in 16 operations.

Abstract: A variable speaker and earphone apparatus having a first and second earphone having an inside portion with an earphone speaker and an outside portion with a speaker having at least one subwoofer; a switching means in communication with the first earphone and the second earphone, wherein the switching means provides variable sound to either the outside portion of the first earphone and the outside portion of the second earphone or the inside portion of the first earphone and the inside portion of the second earphone or the outside portion of the first earphone, the outside portion of the second earphone, the inside portion of the first earphone and the inside portion of the second earphone; a power means, wherein the power means is in communication with the first earphone, the second earphone and the switching means; and a communication means for communicating sound from a source to the first earphone and the second earphone.