Abstract: A storage device including: a non-volatile memory comprising a plurality of memory cells, wherein the plurality of memory cells comprises a target memory cell; and a storage controller: wherein the storage controller is configured to: read the target memory cell at a plurality of target read times to obtain a plurality of target voltages, select a threshold model corresponding to the target memory cell from among a plurality of threshold models, and generate data corresponding to the target memory cell by providing the plurality of target voltages to the threshold model.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for managing a storage device configured to store a plurality of codewords, including: obtaining a two-dimensional (2D) generalized concatenated code (GCC) codeword from the storage device; providing the codeword to a sequential decoder; based on detecting a first failure by the sequential decoder, updating the codeword and transposing the updated codeword to obtain a transposed codeword; providing the transposed codeword to the sequential decoder; and obtaining information bits corresponding to the codeword based on a result obtained by the sequential decoder.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a memory storing a read segments database and processing circuitry configured to parse read and write commands received from a host, detect write after read operations based on the read and write commands and the read segments database, determine features of the write after read operations, determine a probability of a ransomware attach based on the features, and output a warning in response to determining a likely ransomware attack.

Abstract: A storage device, including a volatile memory; a non-volatile memory; and a storage controller: wherein, based on detecting a power loss corresponding to the storage device, the storage controller is configured to: obtain a word stored in the volatile memory; write the word to a first word line; compare a number of unprogrammed cells to a first threshold number and a second threshold number, wherein the unprogrammed cells correspond to remainder data; based on determining that the number of unprogrammed cells is less than or equal to the first threshold number and greater than the second threshold number, determine whether to continue writing the word to the first word line by providing information about the first word line to a machine learning model; and based on determining not to continue writing the word to the first word line, write the remainder data to a second word line.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for controlling a storage system, including: a storage device configured to store a plurality of code words; and at least one processor configured to: obtain information bits; encode the information bits using a first code to obtain a first plurality of code words; encode the first plurality of code words using a second code to generate a second plurality of code words; update the first plurality of code words based on the second plurality of code words to generate an adaptive generalized concatenated code (A-GCC) code word; and store the A-GCC code word in the storage device, wherein each code word of the first plurality of code words is encoded using a different error protection level.

Abstract: A storage device, including a non-volatile memory including a plurality of pages; and a storage controller. The storage controller is configured to allocate a plurality of code rates to the plurality of pages, cluster the plurality of pages into a first plurality of pages and a second plurality of pages based on the plurality of code rates, determine a plurality of page associations such that each second page from the second plurality of pages with at least one first page from the first plurality of pages, encode data based on the plurality of code rates to generate encoded data, and store the encoded data in the plurality of pages. The encoding includes obtaining side information corresponding to the second plurality of pages and transferring the side information to the first plurality of pages.

Abstract: A storage system includes processing circuitry configured to divide submission queues from a plurality of hosts into respective single host streams, obtain a probability of a single host stream being infected by ransomware, and generate a warning signal in response to the probability of the single host stream being infected by ransomware.

Abstract: A storage system includes processing circuitry configured to maintain a buffer in a first mode for each host, of a plurality of hosts, transmitting read/write commands, maintain the buffer in a second mode different from the first mode, in response to a warning indicating that a first host of the plurality of hosts may be infected by ransomware malware, and restore data backed up in the buffer to a storage in response to determining that the first host is infected by the ransomware malware.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for managing a storage device configured to store a plurality of codewords, including: obtaining a two-dimensional (2D) generalized concatenated code (GCC) codeword from the storage device; providing the codeword to a sequential decoder; based on detecting a first failure by the sequential decoder, updating the codeword and transposing the updated codeword to obtain a transposed codeword; providing the transposed codeword to the sequential decoder; and obtaining information bits corresponding to the codeword based on a result obtained by the sequential decoder.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a memory and processing circuitry configured to receive a read request from a host, read an ECC noisy codeword from the memory based on the read request, determine to decode the ECC noisy codeword using a first decoder or a second decoder, and decode the ECC noisy codeword using the determined decoder.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for managing a storage device configured to store a plurality of codewords, including: obtaining a two-dimensional (2D) generalized concatenated code (GCC) codeword from the storage device; providing the codeword to a sequential decoder; based on detecting a first failure by the sequential decoder, updating the codeword and transposing the updated codeword to obtain a transposed codeword; providing the transposed codeword to the sequential decoder; and obtaining information bits corresponding to the codeword based on a result obtained by the sequential decoder.

Abstract: A method for accelerating computational storage in an all-flash-array that comprises a plurality of solid state drives (SSDs) connected in a ring topology. The method includes receiving, by a controller of a first SSD, a request to read or write data from a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) associated with the first SSD, creating a packet that includes an identifier for the first SSD in the ring topology, an identifier for the packet, and a read/write flag that identifies the request, and transmitting the packet to a next SSD in the ring topology. When the request is a read request and a read data address is not located in the DRAM, the read/write flag indicates a read-request, and when the request is a write request and the DRAM is full, the read/write flag indicates a write-request, and the packet includes data to be written.

Abstract: Methods and devices for controlling a storage device including a non-volatile memory including a plurality of sectors including a first sector and a second sector; and a storage controller configured to: read first data from the first sector based on a plurality of threshold models; based on determining that the first data is invalid, read second data corresponding to the second sector based on the plurality of threshold models; based on determining that the second data is valid, update at least one parameter of the plurality of threshold models based on the second data; and generate updated first data corresponding to the first sector based on the plurality of threshold models.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for controlling a storage system, including: a storage device configured to store a plurality of code words; and at least one processor configured to: obtain information bits; encode the information bits using a first code to obtain a first plurality of code words; encode the first plurality of code words using a second code to generate a second plurality of code words; update the first plurality of code words based on the second plurality of code words to generate an adaptive generalized concatenated code (A-GCC) code word; and store the A-GCC code word in the storage device, wherein each code word of the first plurality of code words is encoded using a different error protection level.

Abstract: A storage system, including a host device; and a storage device including a nonvolatile memory and at least one processor configured to implement a storage internal protection (SIP) module, wherein the SIP module is configured to: obtain, from the host device, a plurality of storage commands corresponding to the nonvolatile memory, filter the plurality of storage commands to obtain a filtered plurality of storage commands, apply information about the filtered plurality of storage commands to a machine-learning cryptocurrency mining (CM) detection algorithm, and based on the machine-learning CM detection algorithm indicating that a CM operation is detected, provide a notification to the host device.

Abstract: A storage device including: a non-volatile memory comprising a plurality of memory cells, wherein the plurality of memory cells comprises a target memory cell; and a storage controller: wherein the storage controller is configured to: read the target memory cell at a plurality of target read times to obtain a plurality of target voltages, select a threshold model corresponding to the target memory cell from among a plurality of threshold models, and generate data corresponding to the target memory cell by providing the plurality of target voltages to the threshold model.

Abstract: A storage device, including: a non-volatile memory including a plurality of pages; and a storage controller: wherein the storage controller is configured to: allocate a plurality of code rates to the plurality of pages, cluster the plurality of pages into a first plurality of pages and a second plurality of pages based on the plurality of code rates, determine a plurality of page associations such that each second page from the second plurality of pages with at least one first page from the first plurality of pages, encode data based on the plurality of code rates to generate encoded data, wherein the encoding includes obtaining side information corresponding to the second plurality of pages and transferring the side information to the first plurality of pages, and store the encoded data in the plurality of pages.

Abstract: A storage device, including a volatile memory; a non-volatile memory; and a storage controller: wherein, based on detecting a power loss corresponding to the storage device, the storage controller is configured to: obtain a word stored in the volatile memory; write the word to a first word line; compare a number of unprogrammed cells to a first threshold number and a second threshold number, wherein the unprogrammed cells correspond to remainder data; based on determining that the number of unprogrammed cells is less than or equal to the first threshold number and greater than the second threshold number, determine whether to continue writing the word to the first word line by providing information about the first word line to a machine learning model; and based on determining not to continue writing the word to the first word line, write the remainder data to a second word line.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for decoding information bits obtained from storage, including obtaining a plurality of data symbols; providing the plurality of data symbols to a neural network; obtaining a plurality of threshold voltage targets based on an output of the neural network; and programming the plurality of data symbols to a plurality of memory cells included in a storage device based on the plurality of threshold voltage targets.

Abstract: An iterative programming operation having at least 1 to n-th programming stages may be performed to program a non-volatile memory device having memory cells connected through a word line. The n-th programming stage may apply an n-th program voltage to the word line and generate an n-th verification result indicating a number of the plurality of memory cells having a threshold voltage at least meeting a particular verification voltage at the n-th programming stage. An n-th model stage of an iterative model may be performed to utilize the n-th verification result and n-th historical data associated with at least an (n?1)-th programming stage to determine an n-th probability. A programming anomaly may be determined based on the n-th probability at least meeting an n-th threshold probability. In response to the programming anomaly, the iterative programming operation may be stopped prior to completing a final programming stage thereof.