Abstract: A method for obtaining a service in an offline mode and later completing the service in an online mode. The method includes obtaining a service in an offline mode at a communications device, wherein the service would have required at least two transactions with a first server in an online mode. The method then includes associating with the service a pointer to a sequence of at least one operation to be performed at a first server, and sending in an online mode the pointer.

Abstract: A method for providing an enhanced experience associated with a scripting language on a device that does not have the ability to run scripts. The method includes receiving at an application server a script, and sending new information based on executing the script to a device.

Abstract: A method for allowing a user to respond efficiently to an alert. The method includes receiving at a communication device an alert including a pointer to a sequence of at least one operation to be performed at a first server, and responding to the alert by sending the pointer to the first server. The method then includes retrieving based on the pointer the sequence of at least one operation, and executing the sequence of at least one operation on behalf of the device.

Abstract: A method is provided for converting two-dimensional data, particularly information in HTML format, into a canonical representation for rendering in aural or other visual forms wherein each element of interest is selected based on it being part of a mathematically regular expression, namely any expression that can be parsed in a tree. To perform the selection, the container of the element is located, and then the local route of the element within the parsed tree is followed, such that a signature of the element built upon this identification can be constructed and stored for later use in retrieving and rendering the value of the element of interest. The element of interest can thereafter be rendered through an appropriate language translator of interest to the querier. As a further refinement of the invention. the method searches for repeated elements and then stores only one of the selected repeated elements, such as the first repeated element.

Abstract: A method is provided for converting two-dimensional data, particularly information in HTML format, into a canonical representation for rendering in aural or other visual forms wherein each element of interest is selected based on it being part of a mathematically regular expression, namely any expression that can be parsed in a tree. To perform the selection, the container of the element is located, and then the local route of the element within the parsed tree is followed, such that a signature of the element built upon this identification can be constructed and stored for later use in retrieving and rendering the value of the element of interest. The element of interest can thereafter be rendered through an appropriate language translator of interest to the querier. As a further refinement of the invention, the method searches for repeated elements and then stores only one of the selected repeated elements, such as the first repeated element.

Abstract: A method for maintaining at a server frame context for a device that is unable to display multiple frames. The method includes generating a first data structure having a first pointer for a first frame and a second pointer for a second frame, and associating a first context indicator with the first data structure. The method then includes sending from a server to a device the first context indicator, the first pointer, and a first document pointed to by the first pointer.

Abstract: A method for configuring a device's interaction with an application without using cookies. The method includes entering information that needs to be used each time a transaction with an application residing on an application server is performed and storing the information at the application server. The method also includes initiating the transaction between the device and the application server, and looking up based on a user indicator an automatic entry indicator. The then includes sending from the application server the information when the automatic entry indicator is indicative of automatic entry having been enabled.