Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus are provided for generating an atlas image of a branched structure and predicting a likelihood of success of certain treatments based on the atlas image. In one example, a method includes registering a plurality of images of instances of a branched structure to generate an aligned image for a cohort, wherein the branched structure comprises a central structure and at least one primary branch connected to the central structure; for each primary branch of the branched structure, iteratively registering respective portions of a plurality of images containing the primary branch to generate an aligned image portion of the primary branch; and applying a control grid of the aligned image portion of the primary branch to respective image portions containing the central structure and the other primary branches prior to iteratively registering a next primary branch; and generating an atlas image for the cohort based on the aligned image portions.