Abstract: A transmitter (TX) for transmitting a pulse density modulated signal comprises means (SDM) for generating a pulse density modulated input signal (SI) and an encoder (ENC). The encoder (ENC) comprises a first input for receiving the pulse density modulated input signal (SI) and a second input for receiving additional information (AI) comprising at least one data bit. The encoder (ENC) is configured to generate a multi-bit telegram (TG) on the basis of the additional information (AI), the telegram (TG) comprising a predefined bit-sequence, and to replace an appropriate number of consecutive bits of the input signal (SI) with the telegram (TG) in order to generate an output signal (SO).

Abstract: A dispersive element is disclosed which is designed to receive incident light (1) and disperse the incident light (1) into multiple spatially separated wavelengths of light. The dispersive body (DB) comprises a collimation cavity (COLL) to collimate the incident light (1), at least two optical interfaces (PRIS) to receive and disperse the collimated light (2) and a collection cavity (CLCT) to collect the dispersed light (3) from the at least two dispersive interfaces (op1, op2) and to focus the collected light (4).