Abstract: A fluorescence-assisted counting apparatus for quantitative and/or qualitative assessments of a population of fluorescently stained particles in a specimen device retaining fluorescently stained particles, wherein the apparatus includes a detector module and a light source. The detector module includes a lens, a first optical filter and a detector, wherein the detector detects a fluorescence response. The lens includes a field of view taking in at least a portion of the fluorescently stained particles within the specimen device. The light source, further including a second optical filter, shines light in a light path that encompasses at least a portion of the particles.

Abstract: A biosensor combines a neuron with an optical sensor to detect toxins in fluids. The present disclosure provides an embodiment for an instrument that can utilize neurons as a biosensor that can provide optical methods to detect and measure low amounts of toxin exposure in humans.