Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel lipids that can be used in combination with other lipid components, such as helper lipids, structural lipids, and cholesterols, to form lipid nanoparticles for delivery of therapeutic agents, such as nucleic acids (e.g., circular polynucleotides), both in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present application discloses a light source comprising an LED die optically coupled to an extractor comprising a plurality of optical elements each having a base, an apex smaller than the base, and a converging side extending between the base and the apex. The extractor base is no greater in size than the emitting surface of the LED die. In another aspect, methods of making light sources are disclosed, comprising the steps of providing an LED die having an emitting surface; forming a plurality of optical elements each having a base, an apex smaller than the base, and a converging side extending between the base and the apex; arranging the plurality of optical elements to form an extractor, the extractor having an extractor base no greater in size than the emitting surface; and optically coupling the extractor base to the emitting surface of the LED die.

Abstract: A molding operation produces an extractor array by providing a mold having a plurality of cavities therein, each cavity being adapted to form an extractor suitable for coupling to an LED die; filling the mold with a plurality of glass particles; heating the glass particles above glass transition temperatures thereof so that the particles are reshaped to conform to the cavity shapes; and forming a land layer that extends between the cavities. The land layer maintains the extractors in a fixed spatial relationship with each other for subsequent handling or processing, such as a simultaneous polishing operation or in attaching the extractor array to a corresponding LED array.

Abstract: An LED extractor has an input surface adapted to optically couple to an emitting surface of an LED die, and is composed of a glass (including a glass-ceramic) material whose refractive index is at least 2, or at least 2.2.

Abstract: A chemical composition comprises one or more urethane oligomers of at least two polymerized units selected from the group consisting of fluorine-containing urethane oligomers and long-chain hydrocarbon-containing urethane oligomers, wherein said oligomers comprise the reaction product of (a) one or more polyfunctional isocyanate compounds, (b) one or more polyols, (c) one or more monoalcohols selected from the group consisting of fluorocarbon monoalcohols, optionally substituted long-chain hydrocarbon monoalcohols, and mixtures thereof, (d) one or more silanes, and (e) one or more stabilizers comprising one or more reactive groups.