Abstract: In various examples, a user may be authenticated without disclosing any confidential or private information of the user. An independent accumulator stores user confidential information, and accumulates items issued by various parties for the user. When another entity requests to verify the item and the user, the accumulator may verify the user by verifying his or her possession of the item and his or her private information. The accumulator may also verify the item with the issuing party and verify that the item was intended for the user. Once verification has occurred, the accumulator informs the requesting entity that their request is confirmed. In this manner, entities may verify items of a user, without requiring the user to disclose any of his or her confidential or private information to the requestor.