Abstract: A stack type reactor that can adjust a length of channel (reaction time) to react raw substances with each other for a sufficient time and mix completely raw substances to maximize the reaction efficiency. The stack type reactor comprises an upper block with at least two inlets that introduce different kinds of raw substances and a lower channel fluidly connected to the inlets and formed at a lower surface thereof; a unit block including an upper channel corresponding to the lower channel of the upper block and formed on an upper surface thereof, the unit block including a lower channel formed at a lower surface thereof and fluidly connected with the upper channel via a connecting flow passage. The upper block and unit block form a flow path for the raw substances by connecting to the lower channel of the upper block to the upper channel of the unit block.

Abstract: A rotary input apparatus is disclosed. The rotary input apparatus may include a wheel, a cover having a center hole that exposes the wheel to the exterior, and a sheet interposed between the wheel and the cover, where the wheel may include a flange portion formed on a periphery of the wheel. A holding groove may be formed in the flange portion, and a protrusion protruding upwards may be formed on the flange portion. The cover may include an insertion portion formed on a periphery of the center hole. The insertion portion may protrude downwards and may be placed in the holding groove. The sheet may be in contact with both the protrusion and the insertion portion. This rotary input apparatus can stop foreign substances from infiltrating the interior of the rotary input apparatus.

Abstract: An anisotropic conductive adhesive composition includes an acrylic rubber binder having a weight average molecular weight of about 100,000 to about 1,000,000, a first component including at least one of a mono(meth)acrylate compound and a di(meth)acrylate compound, a second component including at least one of a tri(meth)acrylate compound and a compound having more than three (meth)acrylate groups, an organic peroxisde, and conductive particles. The second component is present in an amount of about 1 to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the acrylic rubber, the first component, the second component, the organic peroxide, and the conductive particles.

Abstract: A 3GPP-WLAN interworking system to which WLAN user equipment is accessed includes a WLAN access network including a WLAN access point, a 3GPP packet-switched service network including terminal equipment, a 3GPP core network connecting the WLAN access network and the 3GPP packet-switched service network, and a packet data gateway relaying the 3GPP core network and the 3GPP packet-switched service network. The WLAN user equipment negotiates a QoS according to a wireless environment with the WLAN access point to generate a WLAN bearer, negotiates a QoS according to a type of user data with the packet data gateway to generate a WLAN 3GPP IP access bearer, and negotiates a QoS according to data process performance of the terminal equipment with the terminal equipment to generate an end-to-end bearer.

Abstract: A power distribution network simulation method capable of speedily and accurately analyzing a large power distribution network. In the power distribution network simulation method, the large original circuit is reduced to a suitable size by using a variable reduction method, a solution of an equation of the reduced circuit is obtained, and a solution of an equation of the original circuit is restored based on the solution of the equation of the reduced circuit by using the variable reduction method. According to the power distribution network simulation method using the variable reduction method, it is possible to speedily and accurately analyze the large power distribution network.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of correcting a pattern critical dimension of a photomask. The method may include forming a phase shift layer and a light blocking pattern on a substrate, measuring a critical dimension (CD) of the light blocking pattern, and forming a negative resist pattern that has a relatively smaller CD than the CD of the light blocking pattern on the light blocking pattern, and correcting the CD of the light blocking pattern by etching the light blocking pattern exposed by the negative resist pattern. The method may further include forming a phase shift pattern by etching the phase shift layer exposed by the corrected light blocking pattern and the negative resist pattern as an etch mask, and removing the negative resist pattern and the corrected light blocking pattern.

Abstract: A rotary input apparatus is disclosed. A rotary input apparatus that includes a wheel which inputs information by rotation; a holder which rotatably supports the wheel; a tooth or teeth formed on any one of the wheel and the holder; and a flat spring which is supported by the other of the wheel and the holder and which catches onto the tooth to elastically support the wheel in the direction of rotation, utilizes a simple structure to allow smooth operation while implementing a clicking sensation for each section.

Abstract: A method for providing multicast service by a base station in a wireless communication system and a system implementing the method are provided. The method includes receiving one or more multicast service request messages including downlink channel state information from one or more mobile stations, determining the number of mobile stations which have requested a multicast service, determining a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) based on a mobile station, which has transmitted lowest channel quality information, among the one or more mobile stations when the determined number of mobile stations exceeds a preset value, and providing the multicast service through a tth frame by applying the determined MCS. Accordingly, the multicast service is provided by taking a channel state into consideration to improve the utilization of wireless resources.

Abstract: While driving one motor, an electronic wedge brake (EWB) system according to an embodiment of the present invention implements a main braking function by self-energizing caused by a wedge operation. Since only one motor is used, it is possible to reduce the number of parts and to simplify the structure. Further, the electronic wedge brake system implements various functions, such as a function for maintaining a set clearance of a pad, a wheel lock prevention function, and an EPB function by using a solenoid interlocked with a NSL (Non-Self Locking) type screw that is moved in an axial direction and supports an axial reaction force transmitted from a pad. Furthermore, a NSL (Non-Self Locking) type push rod shaft, which supports the axial reaction force, is constrained using power of the motor during park braking, and accordingly, even when the solenoid is turned off, it is possible to stably and reliably park a vehicle.

Abstract: A voltage-drop measuring circuit is capable of measuring a voltage-drop of a power supply voltage caused by a resistance component of a power line. The voltage-drop measuring circuit includes a sensing circuit and a voltage-drop detecting circuit. The sensing circuit includes a sensor configured to generate a sensing voltage received by the sensor from a power pad through a power line between the sensor and the power pad. The voltage-drop detecting circuit is arranged in a neighborhood of a power pad, and is configured to generate a reference voltage, compare the sensing voltage with the reference voltage to detect the voltage-drop, and generate a detecting signal in accordance with the voltage-drop.

Abstract: A noise-reduction method and apparatus are provided. The noise-reduction method includes estimating activity levels of regions in an input image; and applying different weights to a large noise filter kernel and a small noise filter kernel according to the estimated activity levels, wherein the estimating includes calculating a noise level of the input image, generating a binary image by calculating signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of pixels of the input image and by comparing the SNRs of the pixels of the input image with a predefined threshold, and reducing binary data boundaries in the binary image.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor memory device, in which a bit line can have a low resistance without an increase in the thickness of the bit line. In the semiconductor memory device, an insulating layer having a contact hole that exposes a conductive region is formed on a semiconductor substrate having the conductive region. A barrier metal layer is formed along the surface of the insulating layer and the surface of the contact hole. A grain control layer is formed between the barrier metal layer and the tungsten layer. A tungsten layer is formed on the grain control layer. A grain size of the tungsten layer is increased by the grain control layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display driving method that is adapted to enhance a quality of picture to be displayed on a liquid crystal panel and prevents a distortion of picture. The liquid crystal display driving method drives a liquid crystal display device including a plurality of demultiplexers connected between a data driving circuit and data lines on a liquid crystal panel, and classifying color data signals to be applied to the respective demultiplexers data driver by colors and allowing the color data signals having a same color to be continuously supplied to the data lines by the demultiplexers prior to a different color signal having a different color.

Abstract: A method for recognizing the step movement sequence of a control rod drive mechanism of a nuclear reactor, which withdraws and inserts a control rod of a nuclear reactor, includes the steps of: measuring current and voltage flowing through an electromagnetic coil used in the control rod drive mechanism of the nuclear reactor; calculating inductance of the coil by using the measured current and voltage; calculating a distance between a rotor and a stator of the control rod drive mechanism on the basis of the calculated inductance; and recognizing the step movement sequence of the control rod drive mechanism on the basis of the calculated distance. This method ensures good reliability in determining the step movement sequence, allows easy implementation using a digital signal processor, and is hardly affected by external factors such as noise.

Abstract: A terminal including a touch-screen display configured to be touched by a user, and a controller configured to determine a portion of the touch-screen display that is rubbed or swiped by the user and to generate a delete signal to delete text data associated with the portion of the touch-screen display that is rubbed or swiped by the user. In addition, the text data includes a message service text data, and the controller is further configured to to provide a selectable deletion option to be selected by the user to indicate whether the text data rubbed or swiped on the touch-screen display is deleted.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a system that adaptively transform visual contents inputted from a network, in accordance with the visual characteristics of a terminal user. A visual characteristics descriptor that describes the information of the user visual characteristics in a predetermined format is proposed. The descriptor includes the information of the color vision deficiency type and the color vision deficiency degree. The color vision deficiency may be described in numerical degree or textual degree. The invention adaptively transforms visual contents differently in accordance with the color vision deficiency type.

Abstract: A method for requesting bandwidth allocation by a mobile station in a communication system is provided. The mobile station detects at least one Connection IDentifier (CID), bandwidth allocation for which is to be requested, generates a bandwidth request header when the number of the at least one detected CID equals one, and transmits the bandwidth request header to a base station, wherein the bandwidth request header includes a region for indicating a first CID representing basic information for identification of the mobile station, a region for indicating a ranking of the detected CID, and a region for indicating information about bandwidth requested for the detected CID.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device includes a semiconductor substrate including a main chip region and a pad region, a multi-layer pad structure on the pad region of the semiconductor substrate, a redistribution pad through the semiconductor substrate and in contact with a bottom surface of the multi-layer pad structure, the redistribution pad being electrically connected to the multi-layer pad structure, a trench belt through the semiconductor substrate and surrounding the redistribution pad, the trench belt electrically isolating the redistribution pad and a portion of the semiconductor substrate adjacent to the redistribution pad, and a connection terminal on the redistribution pad, the connection terminal electrically connecting the redistribution pad to an external source.

Abstract: A microlens for an image sensor fabricated using a seed layer and a method for fabrication of the same that does not involve a reflow process. The method of fabricating a microlens includes forming a seed layer pattern on a wafer, rounding the corner portions of the seed layer pattern by applying plasma, and then depositing an oxide film on the seed layer pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of requesting bandwidth allocation by an MS having at least two CIDs in a communication system, the method including the steps of detecting at least one CID needing the bandwidth allocation; when a plurality of CIDs are detected, generating a grant management subheader including a region for recording the total number of the CIDs needing bandwidth allocation and a region for recording bandwidth information of a generic MAC header CID, and a grant management subheader including, for each of the CIDs needing bandwidth allocation, other than the generic MAC header CID, a region for recording the order of a corresponding CID given in a MS CID list and a region for recording bandwidth information of the corresponding CID; and transmitting the generic MAC header with the grant management subheaders concatenated thereto to a BS.