Abstract: Various embodiments include an electrolysis cell with a housing with an anode and a gas diffusion electrode connected as cathode. The gas diffusion electrode has an electrolyte side and a gas side and separates the electrolyte space from a gas space for a reaction gas. There is a support body disposed in the gas space with a contact surface in contact with the gas diffusion electrode. The gas space comprises a first channel system and a second channel system. The first channel system and the second channel system run separately from one another and thus form two separate volumes of the gas space. The first channel system and the second channel system each have openings in the contact surface of the support body.

Abstract: Compounds comprising one or more functionalized fatty acid esters, which may be derived from bio-based oils, are used as a low-VOC coalescent agent (i.e., a coalescent agent having a low content of volatile organic compounds) in waterborne coating compositions. The functional group can be epoxide, vicinal diol, hydroxy phosphotriester, hydroxy ester, hydroxyl alkyl ester, hydroxyl benzyl ester, hydroxy ether, hydroxy amino, hydroxy sulfide, hydroxy nitrile, hydroxy amine, terminal alcohol, thiiran, ketone, or cyclic carbonate. The present disclosure also relates to waterborne coating compositions comprising these functionalized fatty acid esters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high shear stable aqueous fluoropolymer coating composition, preferably using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), such as KYNAR® PVDF, suitable for high performance coating applications. The composition is based on a high shear stable fluoropolymer emulsion having small particle size, blended with an acrylic polymer additive. The use of this composition allows high bake PVDF water-base coatings which can be applied on variety of substrates such as metal or ceramic surfaces, and in the impregnation of textiles, glass, carbon or aramid fibers, etc. The dry coating formed from the coating composition of the invention exhibits improved gloss, crack resistance, chemical resistance, hot dirt pick up resistance and other improved properties.

Abstract: Various embodiments include an electrolysis cell with a housing with an anode and a gas diffusion electrode connected as cathode. The gas diffusion electrode has an electrolyte side and a gas side and separates the electrolyte space from a gas space for a reaction gas. There is a support body disposed in the gas space with a contact surface in contact with the gas diffusion electrode. The gas space comprises a first channel system and a second channel system. The first channel system and the second channel system run separately from one another and thus form two separate volumes of the gas space. The first channel system and the second channel system each have openings in the contact surface of the support body.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a system for carbon dioxide electrolysis comprising: an electrolysis cell having an anode and a cathode comprising a gas diffusion electrode adjoined by a gas space and a cathode space; an electrolyte circuit adjoining the electrolysis cell; a gas supply for supplying carbon dioxide-containing gas to the gas space, the gas space including an electrolyte outlet; and a shutoff device for the electrolyte outlet, wherein the shutoff device opens when a pressure differential between the gas space and the cathode space exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: Provided are lubricating engine oils including a lubricating oil base stock as a major component having a base oil viscosity at 100 deg. C. ranging from 4.5 to 7.5 cSt, and a carboxylic functionalized polymer dispersant with aromatic amine functionality, as a minor component, wherein the lubricating engine oils have a cold crank simulator viscosity at ?30 deg. C. of less than 8500 mPa·s. The lubricating engine oils may provide improved engine wear protection at equivalent fuel efficiency or improved fuel efficiency at equivalent engine wear protection compared to a lubricating engine oil containing a dispersant as a minor component other than the carboxylic functionalized polymer with aromatic amine functionality. Methods of making the lubricating engine oil are also provided. The lubricating engine oils are useful in internal combustion engines including direct injection, gasoline and diesel engines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high shear stable aqueous fluoropolymer coating composition, preferably using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), such as KYNAR® PVDF, suitable for high performance coating applications. The composition is based on a high shear stable fluoropolymer emulsion having small particle size, blended with an acrylic polymer additive. The use of this composition allows high bake PVDF water-base coatings which can be applied on variety of substrates such as metal or ceramic surfaces, and in the impregnation of textiles, glass, carbon or aramid fibers, etc. The dry coating formed from the coating composition of the invention exhibits improved gloss, crack resistance, chemical resistance, hot dirt pick up resistance and other improved properties.