Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate generally to methods for forming a conductive feature in a dielectric layer in semiconductor processing and structures formed thereby. In some embodiments, a structure includes a dielectric layer over a substrate, a surface modification layer, and a conductive feature. The dielectric layer has a sidewall. The surface modification layer is along the sidewall, and the surface modification layer includes phosphorous and carbon. The conductive feature is along the surface modification layer.

Abstract: An interconnect structure, which may be used for example in a semiconductor device, is disclosed. The interconnect structure includes a contact layer made of a metal; one or more dielectric layers on the contact layer, and a deposited layer made of an insulating material. The interconnect structure further includes a trench through the one or more dielectric layers so that a sidewall surface of the trench is formed by the one or more dielectric layers and a bottom surface of the trench is formed by a portion of the contact layer. The deposited layer is in the trench and a thickness of the insulating material on the sidewall surface of the trench is at least 2.1 times greater than a thickness of the insulating material on the bottom surface of the trench.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method for determining an advertising identifier of a specific telecommunication device and an advertisement server.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion layer, a doped layer, a first passivation layer, a first TCO layer, a front electrode and a back electrode. The doped layer is disposed on the front surface of the photoelectric conversion layer. The first passivation layer is disposed on the doped layer, wherein the first passivation layer has a plurality of openings exposing a portion of the doped layer. The first TCO layer is disposed on the first passivation layer and in the openings, and directly contacts the exposed doped layer via the openings, wherein a ratio of an area of the openings to an area of the first TCO layer is between 0.01 and 0.5. The front electrode is disposed on the first TCO layer. The back electrode is disposed on the back surface of the photoelectric conversion layer.

Abstract: A solar cell includes an N-type silicon substrate, a P-type doped region, an anti-reflective layer, an n+ back surface field (BSF), aluminum electrodes, aluminum doped regions, and a backside electrode. The N-type silicon substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The P-type doped region is formed in the first surface of the N-type silicon substrate. The anti-reflective layer is formed on the P-type doped region. The aluminum electrodes are formed on the P-type doped region, and the aluminum doped regions are formed in the P-type doped region under the aluminum electrodes, wherein the aluminum doped regions are in direct contact with the aluminum electrodes. The n+ BSF is formed in the second surface of the N-type silicon substrate, and the backside electrode is formed on the second surface of the N-type silicon substrate.

Abstract: A module structure includes a front sheet, a back sheet opposite to the front sheet, and a solar cell disposed between the front sheet and the back sheet. A first encapsulation film is disposed between the solar cell and the front sheet, and a second encapsulation film is disposed between the solar cell and the back sheet. The first encapsulation film and the second encapsulation film include an encapsulation material, which includes a resin and a fluorescent molecule. The fluorescent molecule includes a fluorescent group bonded to a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a photoelectric conversion layer, a doped layer, a first passivation layer, a first TCO layer, a front electrode and a back electrode. The doped layer is disposed on the front surface of the photoelectric conversion layer. The first passivation layer is disposed on the doped layer, wherein the first passivation layer has a plurality of openings exposing a portion of the doped layer. The first TCO layer is disposed on the first passivation layer and in the openings, and directly contacts the exposed doped layer via the openings, wherein a ratio of an area of the openings to an area of the first TCO layer is between 0.01 and 0.5. The front electrode is disposed on the first TCO layer. The back electrode is disposed on the back surface of the photoelectric conversion layer.

Abstract: A solar cell is provided. The solar cell includes a Si substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, an emitter, a first electrode, a doped region, a passivation layer, a doped polysilicon layer, a semiconductor layer, and a second electrode. The emitter is disposed on the first surface. The first electrode is disposed on the emitter. The doped region is disposed in the second surface. The passivation layer is disposed on the second surface. The doped polysilicon layer is disposed on the passivation layer, wherein a plurality of holes penetrates the doped polysilicon layer and the passivation layer and exposes a portion of the second surface. The semiconductor layer is disposed on the doped polysilicon layer and in the holes. The band gap of the semiconductor layer is greater than that of the Si substrate. The second electrode is disposed on the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a silicon substrate, a passivation structure, and a metal electrode. The passivation structure is disposed on a surface of the silicon substrate, and the passivation structure includes a tunneling layer and a doped polysilicon layer. The tunneling layer is disposed on the surface of the silicon substrate. The doped polysilicon layer is disposed on the tunneling layer and includes a first region and a second region having different thicknesses from each other, and the thickness of the first region is greater than that of the second region, wherein the thickness of the first region is between 50 nm and 500 nm, and the thickness of the second region is greater than 0 and equal to or less than 250 nm. The metal electrode is disposed on the first region of the doped polysilicon layer.

Abstract: A solar cell is provided. The solar cell includes a Si substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, an emitter, a first electrode, a doped region, a passivation layer, a doped polysilicon layer, a semiconductor layer, and a second electrode. The emitter is disposed on the first surface. The first electrode is disposed on the emitter. The doped region is disposed in the second surface. The passivation layer is disposed on the second surface. The doped polysilicon layer is disposed on the passivation layer, wherein a plurality of holes penetrates the doped polysilicon layer and the passivation layer and exposes a portion of the second surface. The semiconductor layer is disposed on the doped polysilicon layer and in the holes. The band gap of the semiconductor layer is greater than that of the Si substrate. The second electrode is disposed on the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A fiber-optic communication apparatus includes first and second communication devices interconnected by an optical fiber cable. The first communication device converts one of a calibration signal with a predetermined power level and a radio frequency (RF) signal into an optical signal. The second communication device converts the optical signal, which is transmitted through the optical fiber cable, into an electrical signal, detects a power level of the electrical signal associated with the calibration signal, obtains a power attenuation ratio based on the power level detected thereby and the predetermined power level, and adjusts the power level of the electrical signal associated with the RF signal based on the power attenuation ratio.

Abstract: A distributed antenna in-door locating system has multiple antenna units, a head unit and a locating unit. The head unit is wired connected to the multiple antenna units respectively to assign a RF communication band to each user device. The locating unit is connected to the head unit and has a build-in locating process comprising steps of: (a) reading the assigned RF communication bands, and signal strength of RF signals in the assigned RF communication bands. (b) determining a location of each user device based on the assigned RF communication bands of each antenna unit and the signal strength of RF signals in the assigned RF communication bands. A administrator of the distributed antenna in-door locating system can obtain the location of each user device, and further obtain suitable locations for mounting the multiple antenna units in the area.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a downlink radio signal from a distributed antenna system to a mobile device is provided. The distributed antenna system includes a plurality of transceivers and a control module. Each of the transceivers receives an uplink radio signal from the mobile device as a respective received signal. Each of the transceivers transmits the received signal to the control module. The control module provides to each of the transceivers the downlink radio signal with a respective intensity, which is determined by the control module according to an intensity of the received signal from the transceiver. Each of the transceivers transmits the downlink radio signal to the mobile device.

Abstract: An adaptive distributed antenna system comprises a control module coupled between multiple base stations, and multiple antenna groups, each of which includes multiple antenna devices each coupled to the control module via a transmission line, and operable to convert an external wireless signal and a transmitting signal from the transmission line respectively into a receiving signal and a signal to be radiated. The control module converts a downlink signal from any base station and the receiving signal from any transmission line respectively into the transmitting signal and an uplink signal. The control module is configured to establish a transmission link between one base station and one antenna device of the antenna groups.

Abstract: A fiber-optic communication apparatus includes first and second communication devices interconnected by an optical fiber cable. The first communication device converts one of a calibration signal with a predetermined power level and a radio frequency (RF) signal into an optical signal. The second communication device converts the optical signal, which is transmitted through the optical fiber cable, into an electrical signal, detects a power level of the electrical signal associated with the calibration signal, obtains a power attenuation ratio based on the power level detected thereby and the predetermined power level, and adjusts the power level of the electrical signal associated with the RF signal based on the power attenuation ratio.

Abstract: A fiber-optic communication apparatus includes a modulator, a combiner and an electro-optic converter. The modulator modulates a number (N) of radio frequency (RF) signals with the same frequency respectively into a number (N) of modulated signals with mutually different frequencies, where N?2. The combiner is coupled to the modulator for combining the modulated signals therefrom into a combined signal that has a number (N) of components with mutually different frequencies. The electro-optic converter is coupled to the combiner for converting the combined signal therefrom into an optical signal that has a number (N) of components with mutually different frequencies.

Abstract: The present invention provides an adaptive infotainment device, comprising a display unit, a processing module, and a network module. The processing module is coupled to the display unit to decrypt and process the multi-media content. The network module is coupled to the processing module to receive the multi-media content and selecting paths and accessing nodes. The network module collects the usage log to be processed by the processing module to generate an accumulated user profile to be fused with user default information in a user default unit coupled to the processing module to generate at least one threshold value so that the display unit is capable of displaying the processed multi-media content according to the threshold value. Hence, the user's network behavior can be learned by combining the pre-determined preferences and the past usage preferences so as to generate the most favorable displaying means to enhance the convenience for browsing information.

Abstract: A method for making molds with curved cooling paths includes a step of obtaining a drawing of a mold by using computers and the drawing including the positions of concavities, cooling paths and reference points; a step of manufacturing the mold by way of pour casting according to the drawing so as to obtain a mold having the concavities, the cooling paths and the reference points, and a step of trimming the concavities of the mold according to the reference points and opening two ends of each of the cooling paths to obtain a final mold.

Abstract: A solar cell having an improved structure of rear surface includes a p-type doped region, a dense metal layer, a loose metal layer, at least one bus bar opening, and solderable material on or within the bus bar opening. The solderable material contacts with the dense aluminum layer. The improved structure in rear surface increases the light converting efficiency, and provides a good adhesion between copper ribbon and solar cell layer thereby providing cost advantages and reducing the complexity in manufacturing. A solar module and solar system composed of such solar cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: A user can book a ticket in advance and after that by means of wireless or/and wire-line transmission a service center replies an acknowledge message which contains a first Internet address to a user-designated portable hand-held device. While the user clicks the web site/address, a corresponding ticket appears or an identification signal appears for identification. After the web site being clicked, the content appeared on the web site is being transferred to a second web site, and while the same application or booking procedure is done again, the first Internet address stored in the electronic ticketing system and a second Internet address will be compared. By means of web site exchanging, the web site being transmitted to the user-designated portable apparatus are non-identical, hence, the tedious process of logging/encryption/decryption can be evitable and improper duplicate utilization of the electronic tickets can be saved.