Abstract: Provided is a battery pack cooling system. A cylindrical type battery liquid immersion cooling system of the present disclosure may have a lighter weight and higher cooling performance than a conventional liquid immersion cooling system by using an absorbent material including a cooling fluid inside, may be continuously cooled with a limited amount of the fluid by evaporating and condensing the cooling fluid included in the absorbent material, and may achieve the higher cooling performance by using latent heat of the evaporation.

Abstract: A display device including a display panel, a polarization unit that includes a first polarization part overlapping the display panel on a plane and a second polarization part extending from the first polarization part and having an outer surface protruding outward from an outer surface of the display panel, and covers the display panel on a plane, an adhesive layer that includes a first adhesive part disposed between the first polarization part and the display panel and a second adhesive part overlapping the second polarization part and is directly disposed on a lower surface of the polarization unit, an adhesive protection member directly disposed on a lower surface of the second adhesive part, a light shielding pattern directly disposed on the polarization unit, and a coated window directly disposed on the polarization unit and the light shielding pattern and including a resin material cured by laser irradiation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a semiconductor device manufacturing method that includes forming a lower chip and an upper chip, and bonding the lower chip and the upper chip to each other. The forming of the lower chip includes providing a lower substrate, sequentially forming a lower interlayer insulating film and a pre-lower adhesive film, etching portions of the pre-lower adhesive film and the lower interlayer insulating film to form a lower trench, forming, using a sputtering process, a first lower seed film and a second lower seed film. The forming of the upper chip includes providing an upper substrate, sequentially forming an upper interlayer insulating film and a pre-upper adhesive film, etching portions of the pre-upper adhesive film and the upper interlayer insulating film to form an upper trench, forming, using the sputtering process, a first upper seed film and a second upper seed film.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method for determining a source of contaminants in air. The apparatus includes a plurality of sensors configured to generate raw sampling data of the air. The raw sampling data can describe at least two characteristics of the contaminants in the air. The apparatus also includes memory storing instructions and a processor communicatively coupled to the set of sensors and the memory, the processor configured to execute the instructions to cause the apparatus to identify one or more occurrences of a contamination event based on a comparison of the a characteristic and a detection threshold for the first characteristic of the contaminants in the air; and for each of the one or more occurrences of the contamination event, generate a data entry including a second characteristic. The second characteristic is usable to determine the source of the contaminants in the air.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device including a semiconductor substrate, a gate stack including a plurality of gate layers and a plurality of insulation layers alternately stacked on the semiconductor substrate, a plurality of first channel structures penetrating through the gate stack and extending in a vertical direction, a word line cut penetrating through the gate stack and extending in the vertical direction, a passivation layer disposed on the gate stack, and a string select line stack disposed on the passivation layer, wherein the passivation layer includes a first passivation layer containing a passivation element and a second passivation layer having a smaller content of the passivation element than the first passivation layer.

Abstract: A gate driving circuit includes a stage which outputs a scan signal based on a scan clock signal, a voltage of a first node, and a voltage of a second node, and outputs a sensing signal based on a sensing clock signal, a voltage of the first node, and a voltage of the second node. The stage includes a second sensing portion including transistors electrically connected in series and a first pull-up control portion including transistors electrically connected in series, the transistors including control electrodes electrically connected to each other. A first intermediate node between the transistors of the second sensing portion is separated from a second intermediate node between the transistors of the first pull-up control portion.

Abstract: Disclosed are a soluble polyimide binder for a cathode of a lithium secondary battery capable of securing high heat resistance, safety, and excellent battery performance by using the soluble polyimide binder as a cathode binder for a lithium secondary battery, a manufacturing method thereof, and a lithium secondary battery comprising same.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus for An apparatus for mapping an emergency call data manual, the apparatus comprising: an input unit that receives an emergency call in voice form; a preprocessing unit that converts the voice form into text data and preprocesses the text data to generate an emergency call data token; a keyword detection unit that detects main keywords using a manual and generates a mapping rule using the main keywords; a model generation unit that generates a model by training an artificial intelligence model using manual-mapped data; a manual mapping unit that generates a response manual for the text data by performing mapping based on the mapping rule and emergency call data token and mapping based on the model; and a display unit that displays the response manual.

Abstract: Provided are a method for transmitting and receiving data in a short-range wireless communication system, and a device therefor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic random access memory (MRAM) device based on a ferromagnetic film with in-plane biaxial anisotropy. The MRAM device includes a substrate and a ferromagnetic layer formed on the substrate, and the ferromagnetic layer has biaxial anisotropy. In the present invention, information can store in a cell only with current pulses, which switches magnetization between easy-axes, because spin-orbit field component along easy axes changes with current direction. This may lead to an increase in the operating efficiency of the memory device.

Abstract: A source/drain region of a semiconductor device is formed using an epitaxial growth process. In an embodiment a first step comprises forming a bulk region of the source/drain region using a first precursor, a second precursor, and an etching precursor. A second step comprises cleaning the bulk region with the etchant along with introducing a shaping dopant to the bulk region in order to modify the crystalline structure of the exposed surfaces. A third step comprises forming a finishing region of the source/drain region using the first precursor, the second precursor, and the etching precursor.

Abstract: A device includes a gate structure, source/drain regions, a first source/drain contact, an etch stop layer, and a first source/drain via. The gate structure is over a substrate. The source/drain regions are at opposite sides of the gate structure. The first source/drain contact is over a first one of the source/drain regions. The etch stop layer overlaps the gate structure but does not overlap the first source/drain contact. The first source/drain via is over the first source/drain contact. The first source/drain via has a stepped bottom surface structure comprising a lower step in contact with a top surface of the first source/drain contact, an upper step in contact with a top surface of the etch stop layer, and a step rise connecting the lower step and the upper step. The step rise is in contact with a side surface of the etch stop layer.

Abstract: A novel Akkermansia muciniphila strain is disclosed. The novel strain has effects of preventing or treating inflammatory or metabolic diseases. A composition containing the novel strain or a culture thereof are also disclosed. The novel strain, cultures thereof, or compositions containing the novel strain and/or cultures thereof are suitable to use in methods of preventing or treating inflammatory or metabolic diseases.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a method of decoding an image, the method including: partitioning a current block into multiple sub-blocks; performing intra prediction on a first sub-block among the multiple sub-blocks by using a first sub reference sample line; and performing intra prediction on a second sub-block among the multiple sub-blocks by using a second sub reference sample line. Herein, an intra prediction mode of the first sub-block and an intra prediction mode of the second sub-block are the same.

Abstract: A power semiconductor device includes a semiconductor layer of silicon carbide (SiC), at least one trench that extends in one direction, a gate insulating layer disposed on at least an inner wall of the at least one trench, at least one gate electrode layer disposed on the gate insulating layer, a drift region disposed in the semiconductor layer at least on one side of the at least one gate electrode layer, a well region disposed in the semiconductor layer to be deeper than the at least one gate electrode layer, a source region disposed in the well region, and at least one channel region disposed in the semiconductor layer of one side of the at least one gate electrode layer between the drift region and the source region.

Abstract: Proposed is a device for receiving a four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signal, which includes a first comparator for comparing a received PAM-4 signal with a predetermined threshold voltage to output a most significant bit (MSB) signal; and a second comparator for comparing the differential signal difference between the positive signal and negative signal of the received PAM-4 signal with a reference voltage to output a least significant bit (LSB) signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor package may include a semiconductor chip having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface and having a plurality of circuit patterns provided in the second surface, a redistribution wiring layer on the second surface of the semiconductor chip and having a plurality of redistribution wirings and a plurality of bonding pads, the redistribution wirings being electrically connected to the circuit patterns, the bonding pads electrically connected to the redistribution wirings and exposed from a lower surface, a plurality of conductive bumps on the plurality of bonding pads, respectively, and a plurality of spacers on the lower surface of the redistribution wiring layer and configured to align the plurality of conductive bumps through respective through holes of a test socket and to space the redistribution wiring layer from the test socket.

Abstract: An apparatus providing mating alignment between internal threading of a rivet nut and the external threading of the mandrel of an unclaimed installation tool before anchoring the rivet nut in a hole in a substrate, or the external threading of an unclaimed threaded fastener after anchoring in the substrate hole. The improvements include a bushing sleeve seated in a counterbore in the rivet nut, for guiding the external threading of the mandrel or fastener to the internal threading of the rivet nut. The sleeve also enables play during upset of the rivet nut, and provides visual confirmation whether the rivet nut has been properly anchored in the hole of substrate.

Abstract: An electronic device includes antennas to receive a satellite signal from a satellite, electrical paths connected to the antennas, each of the electrical paths including a band pass filter to pass a signal of a corresponding frequency band, a bypass path connected in parallel with the electrical paths and connected to the antennas, and processing circuitry connected to the electrical paths and the bypass path, the processing circuitry being configured to receive the satellite signal through a first antenna and a first electrical path based on a quality of a signal received through the first electrical path connected to the first antenna being highest among qualities of respective signals received through the electrical paths, and receive the satellite signal through one of the antennas and the bypass path based on an intensity of a signal received through the first electrical path being less than a reference value.

Abstract: Proposed is an apparatus for a digital clock and data recovery. The apparatus includes a frequency detector for detecting a high frequency (FH) signal, a low frequency (FL) signal and ultra-high frequency (FUH) signal by determining the relationship between an input data rate and a clock frequency, and generating a continuous frequency up (CFUP) signal and a continuous frequency down (CFDN) signal based on the FH, FL and FUH signals; and a digital loop filter (DLF) for controlling to adjust a clock frequency in a coarse adjustment stage using the CFUP and CFDN signals and to adjust a clock frequency in a fine adjustment stage using the FH and FL signals.