Abstract: A device is provided for measuring the cooling curve of melts and/or the heating curve of melt samples with an optical fiber, wherein an immersion end of the optical fiber having an at least partially free surface is surrounded with a spacing by a temperature-resistant sample-receiving chamber. The optical fiber is immersed with its immersion end in the melt, and a sample is thereby formed in the sample-receiving chamber. The sample-receiving chamber with the sample and the optical fiber are thereafter pulled out of the molten metal. The cooling curve of the sample and/or, after previous solidification of the sample, the temperature profile during heating is measured with reference to a signal obtained by the optical fiber and forwarded to a measurement device.

Abstract: A carrier tube is provided for sensors or samplers for use in metal or cryolite melts. The carrier tube has on its exterior surface longitudinal grooves and/or planar surfaces extending in the longitudinal direction of the tube.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for analysis of a molten material using optical emission spectrometry. The molten material may be, for example, a molten metal, such as casting iron or steel, or slag, glass, or lava. A sensitive element is used having at least one emission spectrometer and at least one excitation device to effect the excitation of the molten material and to enable the partial or complete generation of a radiation to be analyzed by a spectrometer present in the sensitive element. The sensitive element is brought into contact with the molten material and transmits information, which contains analysis elements supplied by the spectrometer. An immersion sensor is also provided for carrying at least part of the device for performing the analysis method.

Abstract: A method is provided for measuring the cooling curve of melts and/or the heating curve of melt samples with an optical fiber, wherein an immersion end of the optical fiber having an at least partially free surface is surrounded with a spacing by a temperature-resistant sample-receiving chamber. The optical fiber is immersed with its immersion end in the melt, and a sample is thereby formed in the sample-receiving chamber. The sample-receiving chamber with the sample and the optical fiber are thereafter pulled out of the molten metal. The cooling curve of the sample and/or, after previous solidification of the sample, the temperature profile during heating is measured with reference to a signal obtained by the optical fiber and forwarded to a measurement device. In addition, a corresponding device is provided for the measuring method.

Abstract: A carrier tube is provided for sensors for taking measurements in metal or cryolite melts, especially in cast iron, steel, or copper melts. The carrier tube is formed from a mixture of a plant fiber material with starch and/or protein.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a treatment vessel (112) having a path-defining roller (12) biased towards a reaction member (14) to define a nip (136) there-between through which a sheet material path (120) extends. The path-defining roller (12) comprises a core (56) having a covering of elastomeric material, an outer layer (60) of which is doped with a surface modifying material. The roller which is able to resist wear without significant loss to operating characteristics.

Abstract: A device for conducting electrochemical measurements in glass or salt melts has at least one indicator electrode and one reference electrode arrangement. In order to be able to conduct very exact measurements, the tip of the indicator electrode intended to be immersed in the melt is constructed of a noble metal or noble metal alloy with at least one another noble metal, preferably iridium or an iridium alloy with other noble metals, and is mounted gas-tight in a heat-resistant tube. The indicator electrode is passed through the heat-resistant tube.

Abstract: A process is provided for determining the concentration of a gas in a molten metal by a carrier gas, which can be pumped to at least one analyzer, either in direct route for calibration, or for measuring through a measuring circuit with a measuring probe immersed in the molten metal, wherein the carrier gas effects a gas exchange with the molten metal, and this gas mixture is pumped to the analyzer for measurement. In order to obtain an accurate and quick reading of the concentration of a gas in a molten metal, the carrier gas is pumped for one segment of a measuring cycle directly to the analyzer for calibration, as well as to the measuring circuit for purging and for uptake of the gas to be measured, so that the gas to be measured is ready for the analyzer.

Abstract: Preparation device for mixing solid chemical components with water to obtain a solution for the liquid processing of a photographic material, which comprises a tank (12), an open-topped sub-tank (12) mounted in the tank at a level below the maximum level of liquid therein, a chute (16) for passing powder discharged on top of the device into the sub-tank, a mixer in the sub-tank for mixing powder with liquid contained in the sub-tank, and controls for controlling the operation of water supply (26), circulation (21) and mixing.

Abstract: At every chain (4) of the chain conveyor (3), there are arranged a vane element (6) and a clamp member (7) in the shape of a double arm lever, one arm of which affords engagement with the vane element (6), while another's roller (11) moves on/off a cam or pattern-copy-device (13) along the path of the chain (4) travel next to the product folding apparatus. Between the clamp member (7) and the vane element (6) a compartment or pocket (15) is formed to receive the printed product (1). As the chain (4) continues its movement, the roller (11) engaged with the cam (13) bears upon the element (7), and thereby the printed product (1) is held and the by-the-piece conveyance of the printed products is ensured.

Abstract: The invention relates to space conveyers.The conveyer comprises a traction unit (4), carrying rolling-contact bearings moving along a guide track made in the form of supporting elements (8) arranged uniformly along the entire length of the conveyer with the formation of a closed polygon in the cross-section perpendicular to the conveyer axis. The rolling-contact bearings are rollers 10 mounted in pairs in the intersecting pins (11, 12). Each roller (10) is arranged between two adjacent supporting elements (8) of the guide track.

Abstract: A probe for immersion in a bath of liquid metal includes a gas supply pipe closed at its lower end by a stopper which melts in liquid metal, a gas collecting portion having a diaphragm which allows gas to pass but retains liquid metal for collecting the gas bubbling from the supply pipe through the metal, and a gas discharge pipe connected to the gas collecting portion. A gas circuit has one end connected to the gas supply pipe and another end connected to the gas discharge pipe. The circuit includes a gas detector and a pump mounted therein for moving the gas through the circuit. A lance through which the gas circuit extends, includes one portion of a two portion quick-acting coupling and the probe includes the other portion of the coupling. The gas is dried as it circulates in the circuit.

Abstract: A film sheet package comprising a stack of film sheets wrapped in a light-tight flexible wrapper sleeve (33), one end of the sleeve having a closed flap (26) and the opposite end of the sleeve having an open flap (27) that is folded to light-tightly close the package, wherein the side ends (53, 54) of the open flap are tucked in, the top end (56) of said flap is folded back at least once, but not so far that said top end, or a portion thereof, becomes wedged between the bottom end of said flap and the corresponding rear face of the package as said flap is folded on the top face of the package, and that said flap is fixed on said top face through rupturable sealing means (28).

Abstract: A spatial conveyor includes a draw member (1) running on spherical supports (4) along a trackway. The draw member (1) consists of links each of which comprises interconnected plate cheeks (5, 6) having cavities. Some of the cavities accommodate elements connecting the adjacent plate cheeks (5, 6), whereas the others accommodate the spherical supports (4) running along the trackway made in the form of a plurality of support elements (11, 12, 13, 14) disposed equidistantly and uniformly relative to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor and making up in a section a closed regular polygon.

Abstract: A unit goods storage includes racks (1) a frame-work (2) of which is made up each of vertical masts giving support to stacks of cantilever shelves (3,4) facing each other with their free sides so as to form vertical passages each containing a horizontal conveyor (5) the ends of the frames of which extend beyond the framework (2). All ends of the frames of the conveyors (5) are interlinked by stiff members (6) so as to form therewith a gridwork (7) capable of displacing up and down the height of the storage under the action of a drive (8).

Abstract: A sampling device for liquid metals contains a pipe (5) and a head (1) fixed on an end thereof, wherein a sampling chamber (11) is formed, which head (1) contains a part (2) of fireproof material which partially limits the sampling chamber (11), which is provided with a supply orifice (12,46) to the sampling chamber and which is put in the pipe (5) with a narrow end (3) in such a way that the sampling chamber (11) is located entirely outside of the pipe (5). The device also has at least one small cooling plate (9) forming at least a part of the well of the sampling chamber (11) and thus also limits the sampling chamber. The part (2) is made of a material that at least during the sampling offers a structure letting gas pass.

Abstract: A sheet receiving and storage apparatus comprises a housing and an open-bottomed magazine releasably connected therewith for collecting sheets introduced therein through its open bottom. The sheets after being partially introduced into the magazine are intercepted along their lower edges by a support located below the entrance opening of the magazine. When a predetermined amount of sheets are stacked thereon the support and sheet stack are bodily raised, so that the stack of sheets moves entirely into the magazine. The sheet stack is then retained in the magazine with the help of a stack retaining element, after which the support is lowered and a light-trap associated with the magazine is actuated to light-tightly close the magazine. Then, the magazine may be taken out of the apparatus.

Abstract: A method of causing a sample of pig iron to solidify to a white structure by adding misch metal to the sampling cavity.

Abstract: A metallographic structure such as nodularity in castings to be made from molten metal is predicted by causing one part of the sample to rapidly solidify at a first rate and a second part of the sample to solidify at a slower rate. The temperature of at least said one part of the sample is measured during solidification. After solidification of the one part of the sample, the heat conductivity of the sample is used to predict the metallographic structure of the sample.

Abstract: Single sheets are separated from a stack of sheets arranged in a housing having one open end in which at least one pair of separating rollers is disposed with the lower end of the stack resting in the nip thereof. One roller of each pair has a surface with a greater coefficient of friction relative to the sheet surface than that of the other roller and is rotated in a direction relative to the stack opposite to the other roller so that an outermost sheet is caused to slide from the remainder of the stack by frictional engagement of the one roller while the stack remainder is held from the oppositely rotating roller. Separation is greatly facilitated by the provision of hooks which support the lower edge of the remainder of the stack during separation and positively assist withdrawal of the stack remainder.