Abstract: An identification of a new primary snapshot created for a primary storage system is received. A change tracking time window that is at least a portion of a period between a first capture time associated with a previous primary snapshot and a second capture time associated with the new primary snapshot is determined. Entries of a storage log of the primary storage system occurring within the change tracking time window are analyzed to coalesce changes identified in the entries of the storage log occurring within the change tracking time window into a change tracking result set. The change tracking result set is used to identify at least a portion of data changes between the previous primary snapshot and the new primary snapshot to capture in a new backup snapshot stored at a secondary storage system.

Abstract: An identification of a new primary snapshot created for a primary storage system is received. A threshold time window based on a capture time associated with the new primary snapshot is determined. Entries of a storage log of the primary storage system occurring within the threshold time window are analyzed to identify any objects of the primary storage system that have changed during the threshold time window. Changed objects to capture in a new secondary backup stored at a secondary storage system and corresponding to the new primary snapshot are identified. Metadata of the new primary snapshot and metadata of a previous secondary backup are compared to determine for each of the objects of the primary storage system identified as having changed during the threshold time window whether a change to an object since the previous secondary backup is captured in the new primary snapshot.

Abstract: A request to restore a specific backup instance is received. In response to the received request to restore the specific backup instance, a new reference backup instance based on the specific backup instance stored at the storage controlled by the backup system is created at a storage controlled by a backup system. Data associated with the specific backup instance is provided to a recipient system from the storage associated with a backup system. A constructive incremental backup snapshot of the recipient system is performed based on the new reference backup instance.

Abstract: A request to restore a specific backup instance is received. In response to the received request to restore the specific backup instance, a new reference backup instance based on the specific backup instance stored at the storage controlled by the backup system is created at a storage controlled by a backup system. Data associated with the specific backup instance is provided to a recipient system from the storage associated with a backup system. A constructive incremental backup snapshot of the recipient system is performed based on the new reference backup instance.

Abstract: An identification of a new primary snapshot created for a primary storage system is received. A change tracking time window that is at least a portion of a period between a first capture time associated with a previous primary snapshot and a second capture time associated with the new primary snapshot is determined. Entries of a storage log of the primary storage system occurring within the change tracking time window are analyzed to coalesce changes identified in the entries of the storage log occurring within the change tracking time window into a change tracking result set. The change tracking result set is used to identify at least a portion of data changes between the previous primary snapshot and the new primary snapshot to capture in a new backup snapshot stored at a secondary storage system.

Abstract: An identification of a new primary snapshot created for a primary storage system is received. A threshold time window based on a capture time associated with the new primary snapshot is determined. Entries of a storage log of the primary storage system occurring within the threshold time window are analyzed to identify any objects of the primary storage system that have changed during the threshold time window. Changed objects to capture in a new secondary backup stored at a secondary storage system and corresponding to the new primary snapshot are identified. Metadata of the new primary snapshot and metadata of a previous secondary backup are compared to determine for each of the objects of the primary storage system identified as having changed during the threshold time window whether a change to an object since the previous secondary backup is captured in the new primary snapshot.

Abstract: A Session Management Function (SMF) provides session and service continuity for a User Equipment (UE) transitioning between User Plane Functions (UPFs). The SMF establishes a first session between the first UPF and the UE using a first network address. The SMF determines that the UE transitions to the second UPF and establishes a second session between the second UPF and the UE using a second network address for new flows on the second session. The SMF queries the first UPF to determine any ongoing flows in the first session. The first UPF forwards packets in the ongoing flow(s) to the UE via the second UPF. The second UPF forwards packets in the ongoing flow(s) to the first UPF with the first network address. The SMF directs the second UPF to replace the first network address with the second network address in packets of a new flow for the UE.

Abstract: An apparatus to: analyze a data set to identify a candidate topic not in a set of topics; determine whether the prominence of the candidate topic within the data set meets a threshold; in response to meeting the threshold, retrieve a rate of increase in frequency of the candidate topic in online searches; in response to meeting a threshold rate of increase, retrieve the keyword most frequently used in online searches for the candidate topic, use the keyword to retrieve a supplemental data set, and analyze input data extracted from the supplemental data set to determine whether the candidate topic can change the accuracy of a forecast model; and in response to determining that the candidate topic can change the accuracy, add the candidate topic to the set of topics and replace the forecast model with a forecast model trained for the set of topics augmented with the candidate topic.

Abstract: A request to restore a specific backup instance is received. In response to the received request to restore the specific backup instance, a new reference backup instance based on the specific backup instance stored at the storage controlled by the backup system is created at a storage controlled by a backup system. Data associated with the specific backup instance is provided to a recipient system from the storage associated with a backup system. A constructive incremental backup snapshot of the recipient system is performed based on the new reference backup instance.

Abstract: A method is performed by a mobility management entity (MME) in a network. Responsive to a session request from user equipment (UE), the MME initiates a session request procedure that includes: selecting a control plane serving gateway (SGW) and a user plane packet data network gateway (PGW) to establish a session for the UE; and receiving from the control plane SGW a session response to the session request, the session response including an identifier of the user plane PGW. After the session is established, responsive to a relocation request from the UE, the MME initiates a relocation procedure that includes: selecting a new control plane SGW; and sending to the new control plane SGW a new session request with the identifier of the user plane PGW, to cause the new control plane SGW to perform selecting the user plane PGW for the session in the relocation procedure.

Abstract: A method is performed by a mobility management entity (MME) in a network. Responsive to a session request from user equipment (UE), the MME initiates a session request procedure that includes: selecting a control plane serving gateway (SGW) and a user plane packet data network gateway (PGW) to establish a session for the UE; and receiving from the control plane SGW a session response to the session request, the session response including an identifier of the user plane PGW. After the session is established, responsive to a relocation request from the UE, the MME initiates a relocation procedure that includes: selecting a new control plane SGW; and sending to the new control plane SGW a new session request with the identifier of the user plane PGW, to cause the new control plane SGW to perform selecting the user plane PGW for the session in the relocation procedure.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein provide a method for grouping user planes in 4G/5G packet cores to simplify user plane discovery and registration. In some embodiments the method includes detecting a plurality of User Planes (UPs), grouping a first subset of the UPs into a first UP group, in which each UP in the first UP group is associated with a first set of features, and allocating the first UP group to a first network service based on the first set of features associated with the first UP group and a first set of requirements of the first network service. The method further includes grouping a second subset of the plurality of UPs into a second UP group, in which each of the second UP group is associated with a second set of features and allocating the second UP group to a second network service of a plurality of network services.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is performed. A first user plane entity may be associated with a user plane group comprising a plurality of user plane entities. The first user plane entity may be associated with a second user plane entity. A failure of the second user plane entity may be detected. In response to detecting the failure of the second user plane entity, the first user plane entity may be activated.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method is performed. A first user plane entity may be associated with a user plane group comprising a plurality of user plane entities. The first user plane entity may be associated with a second user plane entity. A failure of the second user plane entity may be detected. In response to detecting the failure of the second user plane entity, the first user plane entity may be activated.

Abstract: A method and system for migrating data are described. A storage capture instance in a first format from a first type of device is received. Processing utilized to back up the storage capture instance to a second format of a snapshot tree is distributed to multiple storage nodes. A request to migrate at least part of the storage capture instance to a second type of device in a third format is received. In response to the request, processing utilized to migrate the at least part of the storage capture instance from the second format to the second type of device in the third format is distributed to the storage nodes. In one aspect, file(s) in a first network attached storage (NAS) device format are migrated to a second NAS device format. In another aspect, a virtual machine (VM) and/or file(s) therein having a first VM format are migrated to a second VM format.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein provide a method for grouping user planes in 4G/5G packet cores to simplify user plane discovery and registration. In some embodiments the method includes detecting a plurality of User Planes (UPs), grouping a first subset of the UPs into a first UP group, in which each UP in the first UP group is associated with a first set of features, and allocating the first UP group to a first network service based on the first set of features associated with the first UP group and a first set of requirements of the first network service. The method further includes grouping a second subset of the plurality of UPs into a second UP group, in which each of the second UP group is associated with a second set of features and allocating the second UP group to a second network service of a plurality of network services.

Abstract: Monitoring quality of experience (QoE) using a no-reference (NR) method. An uncompressed audio/video (AV) stream is received from output of a device under test (DUT), where the uncompressed AV stream includes content that is known to be devoid of a set of one or more AV artifacts. At least one of the set of AV artifacts is automatically tested for its existence using a no-reference method that does not use a comparison to an input reference AV stream. Upon determining that there is an AV event representing one of the set of AV artifacts based on the automatic testing, a video clip that includes the AV event is automatically generated. The automatically generated video clip is stored.

Abstract: Monitoring quality of experience (QoE) using a no-reference (NR) method. An uncompressed audio/video (AV) stream is received from output of a device under test (DUT), where the uncompressed AV stream includes content that is known to be devoid of a set of one or more AV artifacts. At least one of the set of AV artifacts is automatically tested for its existence using a no-reference method that does not use a comparison to an input reference AV stream. Upon determining that there is an AV event representing one of the set of AV artifacts based on the automatic testing, a video clip that includes the AV event is automatically generated. The automatically generated video clip is stored.

Abstract: Exemplary methods and processing systems for determining whether an audio video (AV) source is performing closed captioning (CC) rendering properly, are described. An AV stream including one or more AV frames is received from the AV source; for each frame from the AV stream the following operations are performed: detecting a CC image in the frame; cropping the CC image from the frame; and outputting the CC image and metadata associated with the frame. A caption file is generated based on the AV stream, where the caption file includes captioning information for the AV stream. The CC image and metadata output for a frame from the AV stream are compared with CC information within the caption file related to that frame to determine whether the AV source is performing CC rendering properly.

Abstract: Exemplary methods and processing systems for determining whether an audio video (AV) source is performing closed captioning (CC) rendering properly, are described. An AV stream including one or more AV frames is received from the AV source; for each frame from the AV stream the following operations are performed: detecting a CC image in the frame; cropping the CC image from the frame; and outputting the CC image and metadata associated with the frame. A caption file is generated based on the AV stream, where the caption file includes captioning information for the AV stream. The CC image and metadata output for a frame from the AV stream are compared with CC information within the caption file related to that frame to determine whether the AV source is performing CC rendering properly.