Abstract: Apparatuses and methods in a communication system for identifying transient blockage are presented. Transmission to one or more RAN nodes of parameters for the one or more RAN node is controlled to detect occurrences of sharp channel degradation events in connections served by the node. Data is received from the one or more RAN nodes, the data being related to channel or transmission events related to detected sharp channel degradation in connections served by the node. Based on the received data, likelihood is determined that one or more RAN nodes have a high level of transient blockages.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and software for a Radio Access Network (RAN). In one embodiment, a system identifies a plurality of cells within the RAN, and groups the cells into cell groups. The system performs a training process to train group Machine-Learning (ML) models for the cell groups based on training data for the cell groups, and evaluates a performance of the group ML models for the cell groups based on evaluation data for the cell groups. The system provides the group ML models for the cell groups to a RAN management system or the like when the performance of the group ML models satisfies a performance threshold.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product of a new functional entity, namely an RRC-Inactive Context Hosting (RICH) entity, receiving, from a radio access node, a Push UE context notification or a Fetch UE Context Request. In response to the receiving of the Push UE context notification, the RICH entity sends the radio access node an ACK or NACK, while in response to the receiving of the Fetch UE Context Request, the RICH entity retrieves information requested. In response to the sending of the ACK, the RICH entity stores information contained in the notification, while in response to the retrieving, the RICH entity sends the radio access node the retrieved information.

Abstract: Various communication systems may benefit from adaptive handling of communication loads. For example, certain wireless communication systems may benefit from a method and application programming interface between a radio access network and a controller to optimize inter-frequency load balancing (IFLB). A method can include receiving policy inputs regarding how the IFLB should be operated. The method can also include negotiating a functional split of IFLB-related functions for the purposes of executing inter-frequency load-balancing. The method can further include receiving a set of data/attributes related to facilitate determination of optimal settings for IFLB.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory including computer program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit an indication of a transformation function to a user equipment, wherein at least one input to the transformation function comprises a location of a user equipment and at least one measurement of a radio channel; receive a representation from the user equipment, the representation being a result of a calculation using the transformation function and the at least one input to the transformation function; and determine, using the representation, a channel quality of at least one secondary cell.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) user pairing selection are provided. One method may include selecting multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU MIMO) candidate beams using deep neural network(s) (DNNs), and selecting paired users based on the selected beams. The deep neural network(s) (DNNs) are trained to maximize multi-user priority metric (MU-PM) or a heuristic of the multi-user priority metric (MU-PM).

Abstract: An apparatus includes circuitry configured to: receive a request from a radio access network algorithm to determine whether there is a distribution shift related to a temporal characteristic of a cell of a communication network; request data from a radio access network node or a controller platform related to the temporal characteristic; receive the requested data related to the cell from the radio access network node or the controller platform; determine whether there is a distribution shift related to the temporal characteristic; in response to determining that there is a distribution shift, select a learning type for an update to a model; and update the model such that, when the model is provided to an inference server, causes the radio access network algorithm to use the updated model to perform at least one action to optimize the performance of the radio access network node or other radio access network node.

Abstract: A method includes receiving, from a radio access network (RAN) node within a wireless network, connection event information for one or more user devices and associated channel condition information; and determining a connection behavior status of a user device based on at least a portion of the connection event information and associated channel condition information and a connection behavior status model, wherein the connection behavior status model provides a mapping or association between connection event information and associated channel condition information for one or more user devices and a connection behavior status.

Abstract: An apparatus including an input configured to receive at least one notification from at least one radio access network node controller, the at least one notification caused to notify the apparatus of at least one physical channel assignment policy indication; an assigner configured to implement at least one physical channel assignment based on the at least one physical channel assignment policy indication; an output configured to generate and transmit at least one assignment notification to at least one user equipment associated with the apparatus, the assignment notification caused to notify the at least one user equipment of the at least one physical channel assignment.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods in a communication system are provided. A method comprises receiving from network instructions of how to control multi-user multiple input multiple output connections maintained by one or more radio access nodes, the connections utilising one or more slices. One or more radio access nodes perform, based at least in part on the received network instructions, multi-user pairing of terminal devices of the same or different slices, and determine, based at least in part on the received network instructions, slice-based quota taking multi-user pairing and interference arising from paired allocations into account.

Abstract: To maximize power saving in a radio access network comprising cells, an optimal action amongst actions comprising switching on one or more cells, switching off one or more cells, and doing nothing is determined using a trained model, which maximizes a long term reward on tradeoff between throughput and power, the trained model taking as input a load estimate. The trained model may be updated online using measurement results on load, throughput and power consumption.

Abstract: To maximize power saving in a radio access network comprising cells, an optimal action amongst actions comprising switching on one or more cells, switching off one or more cells, and doing nothing is determined using a trained model, which maximizes a long term reward on tradeoff between throughput and power, the trained model taking as input a load estimate. The trained model may be updated online using measurement results on load, throughput and power consumption.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods in a communication system are provided. A method comprises receiving from network instructions of how to control multi-user multiple input multiple output connections maintained by one or more radio access nodes, the connections utilising one or more slices. One or more radio access nodes perform, based at least in part on the received network instructions, multi-user pairing of terminal devices of the same or different slices, and determine, based at least in part on the received network instructions, slice-based quota taking multi-user pairing and interference arising from paired allocations into account.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods in a communication system are provided. A method comprises receiving from network instructions of how to control multi-user multiple input multiple output connections maintained by one or more radio access nodes, the connections utilising one or more slices. One or more radio access nodes perform, based at least in part on the received network instructions, multi-user pairing of terminal devices of the same or different slices, and determine, based at least in part on the received network instructions, slice-based quota taking multi-user pairing and interference arising from paired allocations into account.

Abstract: To maximize power saving in a radio access network comprising cells, an optimal action amongst actions comprising switching on one or more cells, switching off one or more cells, and doing nothing is determined using a trained model, which maximizes a long term reward on tradeoff between throughput and power, the trained model taking as input a load estimate. The trained model may be updated online using measurement results on load, throughput and power consumption.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a beam selection hardware accelerator for determining a set of beams to be used for data scheduling by a wireless node for a transmission time interval, the beam selection hardware accelerator being configured to: receive a beam information and information indicating an angular separation of beams for a set of selected beams; create a graph based on the beam information and the minimum angular separation; select a set of beams, out of a plurality of beams, as a maximum weight independent set of beams based on the created graph; and provide a notification of the selected set of beams.

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory including computer program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit an indication of a transformation function to a user equipment, wherein at least one input to the transformation function comprises a location of a user equipment and at least one measurement of a radio channel; receive a representation from the user equipment, the representation being a result of a calculation using the transformation function and the at least one input to the transformation function; and determine, using the representation, a channel quality of at least one secondary cell.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods in a communication system are provided. A method comprises receiving from network instructions of how to control multi-user multiple input multiple output connections maintained by one or more radio access nodes, the connections utilising one or more slices. One or more radio access nodes perform, based at least in part on the received network instructions, multi-user pairing of terminal devices of the same or different slices, and determine, based at least in part on the received network instructions, slice-based quota taking multi-user pairing and interference arising from paired allocations into account.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for determining a grid-of-beams (GoB) are provided. One method may include collecting network data for training a neural network, train the neural network, using the collected data, to learn a non-discounted cumulative reward Q that evaluates a benefit of including a given beam into a grid-of-beams (GoB), iteratively applying the trained neural network to select at least one optimal beam to include in the grid-of-beams (GoB), and selecting one or more beams from the grid-of-beams (GoB) to transmit to a user equipment or to receive transmission from the user equipment.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product of a new functional entity, namely an RRC-Inactive Context Hosting (RICH) entity, receiving, from a radio access node, a Push UE context notification or a Fetch UE Context Request. In response to the receiving of the Push UE context notification, the RICH entity sends the radio access node an ACK or NACK, while in response to the receiving of the Fetch UE Context Request, the RICH entity retrieves information requested. In response to the sending of the ACK, the RICH entity stores information contained in the notification, while in response to the retrieving, the RICH entity sends the radio access node the retrieved information.