Abstract: In an example, a system includes a loop filter including one or more integrators. The system includes a ramp generator. The system includes a comparator having a first input coupled to an output of the loop filter, a second input coupled to an output of the ramp generator, and having an output. The system includes a mute loop coupled to an input of the loop filter and the output of the comparator. The system includes a power stage having an input coupled to the output of the comparator, and having an output. The system includes a main loop coupled to the output of the power stage and the input of the loop filter. The system includes an integrated error detector having an input coupled to the loop filter, and having an output. The system includes a dual comparator having an input coupled to the output of the integrated error detector.

Abstract: An example apparatus includes: voltage divider circuitry configured to determine a common mode voltage of a differential pair of signals having a first voltage and a second voltage; a first amplifier coupled to the voltage divider circuitry, the first amplifier configured to determine a difference between the common mode voltage and a reference common mode voltage; current compensation circuitry coupled to the first amplifier, the current compensation circuitry configured to generate a first current and a second current responsive to the difference between voltages; and a second amplifier coupled to the voltage divider circuitry and the current compensation circuitry, the second amplifier to compensate the first voltage with the first current and the second voltage with the second current.

Abstract: A temperature dependent correction circuit includes a first supply source, a second supply source, a rectifying circuit, and a reference. The first supply source is configured to supply a first signal that varies with temperature along a first constant or continuously variable slope. The second supply source is configured to supply a second signal that varies with temperature along a second constant or continuously variable slope. The rectifying circuit is configured to receive the first and second signal, rectify the first signal to produce a first rectified signal, and add the first rectified signal to the second signal to produce a correction signal. The reference is configured to receive the correction signal.

Abstract: In described examples, an integrated circuit (IC) includes first and second integrators, first and second weighted summers, first and second digital-to-analog converters (DACs), and a quantizer. First and second inputs of the first weighted summer are respectively connected to an output of the first integrator and an output of the second DAC. An input of the second integrator is connected to an output of the first weighted summer. An input of the second weighted summer is connected to an output of the second integrator. An input of the quantizer is connected to an output of the second weighted summer. Inputs of the first and second DACs are connected to respective outputs of the quantizer. An output of the first DAC is connected to a first input of the first integrator. A second input of the first integrator and a third input of the first weighted summer are analog signal inputs.

Abstract: In some examples, a circuit includes a first integrator having an input and an output. The circuit also includes a switching architecture having first and second terminals, the first terminal of the switching architecture coupled to the output of the first integrator. The circuit also includes a second integrator having an input and an output, the input of the second integrator coupled to the second terminal of the switching architecture. The circuit also includes a quantizer having an input and an output, the input of the quantizer coupled to the output of the second integrator. The circuit also includes a digital processing circuit having an input and an output, the input of the digital processing circuit coupled to the output of the quantizer.

Abstract: In some examples, a circuit includes a first transistor having a control terminal and first and second terminals. The circuit also includes a first capacitor having first and second terminals, the first terminal of the first capacitor coupled to the control terminal of the first transistor and the second terminal of the first capacitor coupled to the second terminal of the first transistor. The circuit also includes a first switch having first and second terminals, the second terminal of the first switch coupled to the control terminal of the first transistor. The circuit also includes a second capacitor having first and second terminals, the first terminal of the second capacitor coupled to the first terminal of the first transistor and the second terminal of the second capacitor coupled to the first terminal of the first switch.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a resistor head, a resistor body, and a sense terminal. The resistor head is constructed using a first material. The resistor body is coupled to the resistor head and is constructed using a second material having a higher resistivity than the first material. The sense terminal has a first section and a second section and is decoupled from the resistor head, in which the second section of the sense terminal is coupled between the first section of the sense terminal and the resistor body, with an end portion of the second section of the sense terminal coupled to the resistor body.

Abstract: A circuit includes: a driver circuit; a sense resistor; a test circuit; a current sense circuit; a calibration controller; and a switch controller. The current sense circuit is configured to: obtain first sense signals responsive to a test voltage applied to the sense resistor by the test circuit, the test voltage being a direct-circuit voltage; and obtain second sense signals responsive a supply voltage applied to the sense resistor by the driver circuit, the supply voltage including a common-mode voltage. The calibration controller is configured to calibrate the current sense circuit responsive to the first sense signals and the second sense signals. The switch controller is configured to update switch control signals provided to the driver circuit responsive to current sense signals obtained by the calibrated current sense circuit.

Abstract: An authorization system includes a database, and at least one computer server in communication with the database. The database includes a plurality of database records, each including an account number and an associated card number. Each card number has fewer digits than the associated account number. The server is configured to receive, from a communications terminal, a request message that initiates a transaction with the server. The server is configured to request an authentication credential from the terminal, and in the database locate the card number that matches the received authentication credential and locate the account number that is associated with the located card number. The server is configured to request authorization of a test transaction using the account number, receive an authorization response confirming authorization of the test transaction, and authorize the initiated transaction in response to the authorization response. The test transaction is different from the initiated transaction.

Abstract: An electrical device includes an integrated circuit having device circuitry and a boost converter coupled to the device circuitry. The boost converter includes a digital integrator circuit having: a first comparator; a second comparator; a counter configured to count up, count down, and pause based on a first output signal provided by the first comparator and based on a second output signal provided by the second comparator; and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) configured to provide a feedback adjustment signal for the boost converter based on a count value provided by the counter.

Abstract: A temperature dependent correction circuit includes a first supply source, a second supply source, a rectifying circuit, and a reference. The first supply source is configured to supply a first signal that varies with temperature along a first constant or continuously variable slope. The second supply source is configured to supply a second signal that varies with temperature along a second constant or continuously variable slope. The rectifying circuit is configured to receive the first and second signal, rectify the first signal to produce a first rectified signal, and add the first rectified signal to the second signal to produce a correction signal. The reference is configured to receive the correction signal.

Abstract: A temperature dependent correction circuit includes a first supply source, a second supply source, a rectifying circuit, and a reference. The first supply source is configured to supply a first signal that varies with temperature along a first constant or continuously variable slope. The second supply source is configured to supply a second signal that varies with temperature along a second constant or continuously variable slope. The rectifying circuit is configured to receive the first and second signal, rectify the first signal to produce a first rectified signal, and add the first rectified signal to the second signal to produce a correction signal. The reference is configured to receive the correction signal.

Abstract: A circuit includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The circuit also includes an analog front end (AFE) having an AFE input and an AFE output. The AFE output is coupled the ADC's input. The AFE includes a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) having a first PGA input and a second PGA input. The PGA includes a first operational amplifier (OP AMP) with first and second OPAMP inputs. The AFE also including a programmable resistance circuit having a first programmable resistance circuit input and first and second programmable resistance circuit outputs. The first programmable resistance circuit input is coupled to the first and second PGA inputs. The programmable resistance circuit includes a resistor network having first and second balance resistances. The first balance resistance is coupled to the first and second OP AMP inputs, and the second balance resistance is coupled to the first and second OP AMP inputs.

Abstract: An electrical device includes an integrated circuit having device circuitry and a boost converter coupled to the device circuitry. The boost converter includes a digital integrator circuit having: a first comparator; a second comparator; a counter configured to count up, count down, and pause based on a first output signal provided by the first comparator and based on a second output signal provided by the second comparator; and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) configured to provide a feedback adjustment signal for the boost converter based on a count value provided by the counter.

Abstract: A circuit includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The circuit also includes an analog front end (AFE) having an AFE input and an AFE output. The AFE output is coupled the ADC's input. The AFE includes a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) having a first PGA input and a second PGA input. The PGA includes a first operational amplifier (OP AMP) with first and second OPAMP inputs. The AFE also including a programmable resistance circuit having a first programmable resistance circuit input and first and second programmable resistance circuit outputs. The first programmable resistance circuit input is coupled to the first and second PGA inputs. The programmable resistance circuit includes a resistor network having first and second balance resistances. The first balance resistance is coupled to the first and second OP AMP inputs, and the second balance resistance is coupled to the first and second OP AMP inputs.

Abstract: A chopper-stabilized amplifier includes a first transconductance amplifier and a first chopper circuit coupled to an input of the first transconductance amplifier. A second chopper circuit is coupled to an output of the first transconductance amplifier. The chopper-stabilized amplifier also includes second and third transconductance amplifiers having inputs coupled to the output of the first transconductance amplifier. The second transconductance amplifier produces an output responsive to a first notch clock signal having a first phase relative to the chopping of the second chopper circuit. The third transconductance amplifier produces an output responsive to a second notch clock signal having a second phase relative to the first phase. The output signals produced by the second and third transconductance amplifiers are added to filter ripple noise at the outputs of the second and third transconductance amplifiers.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for a signal convertor comprising a resistor or current source coupled to a positive virtual ground node and a negative virtual ground node, wherein the resistor or current source is configured to switch from the positive virtual ground node (VGP) to the negative virtual ground node (VGN), wherein the switching of the resistor or current source results in a shaping of the low frequency noise from the resistor.

Abstract: An electrical device includes an integrated circuit having device circuitry and a boost converter coupled to the device circuitry. The boost converter includes a digital integrator circuit having: a first comparator; a second comparator; a counter configured to count up, count down, and pause based on a first output signal provided by the first comparator and based on a second output signal provided by the second comparator; and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) configured to provide a feedback adjustment signal for the boost converter based on a count value provided by the counter.

Abstract: An authorization system includes a database, and at least one computer server in communication with the database. The database includes a plurality of database records, each including an account number and an associated card number. Each card number has fewer digits than the associated account number. The server is configured to receive, from a communications terminal, a request message that initiates a transaction with the server. The server is configured to request an authentication credential from the terminal, and in the database locate the card number that matches the received authentication credential and locate the account number that is associated with the located card number. The server is configured to request authorization of a test transaction using the account number, receive an authorization response confirming authorization of the test transaction, and authorize the initiated transaction in response to the authorization response. The test transaction is different from the initiated transaction.

Abstract: A circuit includes a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) having a PGA output. The circuit further includes a delta-sigma modulator having an input coupled to the PGA output. The circuit also includes a digital filter and a dynamic range enhancer (DRE) circuit. The digital filter is coupled to the delta-sigma modulator output. The DRE circuit is coupled to the delta-sigma modulator output and to the PGA. The DRE circuit is configured to monitor a signal level of the delta-sigma modulator output. Responsive to the signal level being less than a DRE threshold, the DRE circuit is configured to program the PGA for a gain level greater than unity gain and to cause the digital filter to implement an attenuation of a same magnitude as the gain level to be programmed into the PGA.