Abstract: The present disclosure provides a universal optical fiber (100). The universal optical fiber (100) includes a core (102) extended from a central longitudinal axis (110) to a first radius r1. In addition, the universal optical fiber (100) includes a buffer clad (104) region extending from the first radius r1 to a second radius r2. Further, the universal optical fiber (100) includes a trench region (106) extending from the second radius r2 to a third radius r3. Furthermore, the universal optical fiber (100) includes a cladding (108) extending from the third radius to a fourth radius r4. Moreover, the core (102), the buffer clad region (104), the trench region (106) and the cladding (108) are concentrically arranged.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical fibre. The optical fibre includes a core, an inner cladding, a first trench region, an intermediate cladding, a second trench region, and an outer cladding. The core has a first radius. The inner cladding is defined by the first radius and a second radius of the optical fibre. The first trench region is defined by the second radius and a third radius. The first trench region. The intermediate cladding is defined by the third radius and a fourth radius. The second trench region is defined by the fourth radius and a fifth radius. The outer cladding is defined by the fifth radius and a sixth radius.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical fibre. The optical fibre includes a core extended from a central longitudinal axis to a first radius r1. Further, the optical fibre includes a first trench region extended from a second radius r2 to a third radius r3, a second trench region extended from the third radius r3 to a fourth radius r4 and a cladding region extended from the fourth radius r4 to a fifth radius r5.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical fibre. The optical fibre includes a core region, a primary trench region and a secondary trench region. The core region has a radius r1. In addition, the core region has a relative refractive index ?1. Further, the primary trench region has a relative refractive index ?3. Furthermore, the primary trench region has a curve parameter ?trench-1. Moreover, the secondary trench region has a relative refractive index ?4. Also, the secondary trench region has a curve parameter ?trench-2.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical fibre. The optical fibre includes a core, an inner cladding, a first trench region, an intermediate cladding, a second trench region, and an outer cladding. The core has a first radius. The inner cladding is defined by the first radius and a second radius of the optical fibre. The first trench region is defined by the second radius and a third radius. The first trench region. The intermediate cladding is defined by the third radius and a fourth radius. The second trench region is defined by the fourth radius and a fifth radius. The outer cladding is defined by the fifth radius and a sixth radius.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical fiber (100). The optical fiber (100) includes a core region (102). The core region (102) is defined by a region around central longitudinal axis (112) of the optical fiber (100). In addition, the core region (100) has a first annular region (106). The first annular region (106) is defined from the central longitudinal axis (112) to a first radius from the central longitudinal axis. Moreover, the core region (102) has a second annular region (108). The second annular region (108) is defined from the first radius to a second radius. Further, the core region (102) has a third annular region (110). The third annular region (110) is defined from the second radius to a third radius. Also, the optical fiber (100) includes a cladding (104). The cladding region (104) has a fourth radius.

Abstract: An optical fibre includes a glass core defined by a central core region surrounded by an outer core region. The glass core has a core thickness of 3.5 to 6 micrometers. The central core region has a centerline dip. The central dip has a centerline width in range of about 0 to 3 micrometers. The outer core region has a core alpha in a range of 3-8. The optical fibre includes a buffer clad region, a trench region and an outer cladding region. The outer cladding region has at least one of an outer cladding thickness in range of 41.5 to 46.5 micrometers and an outer cladding relative refractive index near zero.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical fibre. The optical fibre includes a glass core, a glass cladding, a primary coating layer, and a secondary coating layer. The glass cladding surrounds the glass core. In addition, the primary coating layer sandwiched between the glass cladding and the secondary coating layer. Further, the secondary coating layer surrounds the primary coating layer. The primary coating layer has diameter of up to is in the range of 130 to 155 micrometers. Furthermore, the secondary coating layer has diameter in a range of about 160 micrometers to 180 micrometers. Moreover, diameter of the optical fibre is about 190 micrometers.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a universal optical fiber (100). The universal optical fiber (100) includes a core (102) extended from a central longitudinal axis (110) to a first radius r1. In addition, the universal optical fiber (100) includes a buffer clad (104) region extending from the first radius r1 to a second radius r2. Further, the universal optical fiber (100) includes a trench region (106) extending from the second radius r2 to a third radius r3. Furthermore, the universal optical fiber (100) includes a cladding (108) extending from the third radius to a fourth radius r4. Moreover, the core (102), the buffer clad region (104), the trench region (106) and the cladding (108) are concentrically arranged.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical fibre. The optical fibre includes a core region, a primary trench region and a secondary trench region. The core region has a radius r1. In addition, the core region has a relative refractive index ?1. Further, the primary trench region has a relative refractive index ?3. Furthermore, the primary trench region has a curve parameter ?trench-1. Moreover, the secondary trench region has a relative refractive index ?4. Also, the secondary trench region has a curve parameter ?trench-2.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical fibre. The optical fibre includes a core extended from a central longitudinal axis to a first radius r1. Further, the optical fibre includes a first trench region extended from a second radius r2 to a third radius r3, a second trench region extended from the third radius r3 to a fourth radius r4 and a cladding region extended from the fourth radius r4 to a fifth radius r5.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a few mode optical fiber (100). The few mode optical fiber (100) includes a core region (102). A core region (102) defined by a region around a central longitudinal axis (116) of the few mode optical fiber (100). In addition, the core region (102) has a first annular region (106) extended from central longitudinal axis (116) to radius r1, a second annular region (108) extended from radius r1 to radius r2, a third annular region (110) extended from radius r2 to radius r3, a fourth annular region (112) extended from radius r3 to radius r4 and a fifth annular region (114) extended from radius r4 to radius r5. Also, the few mode optical fiber (100) has a cladding defined by the sixth annular region (104) extended from radius r5 to radius r6.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a few mode optical fiber. The few mode optical fiber includes a core region. A core region defined by a region around a central longitudinal axis of the few mode optical fiber. In addition, the core region has a first annular region extended from central longitudinal axis to radius r1, a second annular region extended from radius r1 to radius r2, a third annular region extended from radius r2 to radius r3, a fourth annular region extended from radius r3 to radius r4 and a fifth annular region extended from radius r4 to radius r5. Also, the few mode optical fiber has a cladding defined by the sixth annular region extended from radius r5 to radius r6.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical fiber (100). The optical fiber (100) includes a core region (102). The core region (102) is defined by a region around central longitudinal axis (112) of the optical fiber (100). In addition, the core region (100) has a first annular region (106). The first annular region (106) is defined from the central longitudinal axis (112) to a first radius from the central longitudinal axis. Moreover, the core region (102) has a second annular region (108). The second annular region (108) is defined from the first radius to a second radius. Further, the core region (102) has a third annular region (110). The third annular region (110) is defined from the second radius to a third radius. Also, the optical fiber (100) includes a cladding (104). The cladding region (104) has a fourth radius.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a few mode optical fiber (100). The few mode optical fiber (100) includes a core region (102). A core region (102) defined by a region around a central longitudinal axis (116) of the few mode optical fiber (100). In addition, the core region (102) has a first annular region (106) extended from central longitudinal axis (116) to radius r1, a second annular region (108) extended from radius r1 to radius r2, a third annular region (110) extended from radius r2 to radius r3, a fourth annular region (112) extended from radius r3 to radius r4 and a fifth annular region (114) extended from radius r4 to radius r5. Also, the few mode optical fiber (100) has a cladding defined by the sixth annular region (104) extended from radius r5 to radius r6.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a few mode optical fiber. The few mode optical fiber includes a core region. A core region defined by a region around a central longitudinal axis of the few mode optical fiber. In addition, the core region has a first annular region extended from central longitudinal axis to radius r1, a second annular region extended from radius r1 to radius r2, a third annular region extended from radius r2 to radius r3, a fourth annular region extended from radius r3 to radius r4 and a fifth annular region extended from radius r4 to radius r5. Also, the few mode optical fiber has a cladding defined by the sixth annular region extended from radius r5 to radius r6.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compound of formula (IV), which is an organic acid salt of N-[(2?-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-(L)-valine ester. This compound is an useful intermediate for process of preparation of Valsartan of formula (I), chemically known as (S)-N-(1-Carboxy-2-methylprop-1-yl)-N-pentanoyl-N-[2?-(1H-terazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]amine. This invention also relates to a process for preparing Valsartan using novel intermediate of formula (IV).

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compound of formula (IV), which is an organic acid salt of N-[(2?-cyanobipheny1-4-yl)methyl]-(L)-valine ester. This compound is an useful intermediate for process of preparation of Valsartan of formula (I), chemically known as (S)-N-(1-Carboxy-2-methylprop-1-yl)-N-pentanoyl-N-[2?-(1H-terazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]amine. This invention also relates to a process for preparing Valsartan using novel intermediate of formula (IV).

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compound of formula (IV), which is an organic acid salt of N-[(2?-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-(L)-valine ester. This compound is an useful intermediate for process of preparation of Valsartan of formula (I), chemically known as (S)—N-(1-Carboxy-2-methylprop-1-yl)-N-pentanoyl-N-[2?-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]amine. This invention also relates to a process for preparing Valsartan using novel intermediate of formula (IV).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of Pentosan polysulfate sodium comprising a step of purifying depolymerized crude Pentosan polysulfate sodium by filtration through NF membrane system.