Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for faster beam switching in a wireless network. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information including QCL relation information for TCI states. The WTRU may receive beam switching information indicating a first replacement RS beam is associated with a first variable RS beam. The WTRU may determine measurements using the first source RS beam which is associated with a set of RS beams, including the first variable RS beam, as a QCL source for a TCI state according to the QCL relation information. The WTRU may determine measurements using the first replacement RS beam. The WTRU may send, in response to the beam switching information, information indicating that the TCI state is updated to be associated with the first replacement RS beam as the QCL source for the first set of variable RS beams based on the measurements.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for reporting (e.g., buffer status reporting or power headroom reporting) in energy saving networks are described. One method may include receiving cell configuration information indicating a first cell group and a second cell group, determining that at least the first cell group is in an active network energy saving (NES) state, receiving reporting configuration information associated with WTRU status reporting during a NES state, applying the reporting configuration information associated with WTRU status reporting during the NES state for the first cell group that is in the active network energy saving state. If the first cell group that is in the active NES state will be transitioning from the active NES state to a non-active or non-NES state, the method may include triggering a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) transmission associated with WTRU status reporting.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and tools may schedule protocol data unit (PDU) sets. A wireless transmit receive (WTRU) may receive configuration information, including a delay threshold and a configured grant (CG) arrangement, from a network node. The WTRU may receive a first PDU subset and related information from an application. The WTRU may estimate the payload size and arrival time of a second PDU subset. Based on the estimates and the payload size of the first subset, the WTRU may determine the first and second groups of CG PUSCH occasions. If the estimated arrival time difference between the two subsets is larger than the delay threshold, the WTRU may identify an available CG PUSCH occasion. The information may be sent to the network node.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed to congestion control in multipath sidelink relaying are described herein. According to an embodiment, a method implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes transmitting data for a split bearer associated with a link to a base station and a sidelink to a relay WTRU. The data may comprise first data that may be transmitted over the sidelink using a first set of congestion control parameters. The method may include determining that a quality deterioration occurred on the link to the base station. The method may include transmitting further data for the split bearer. In various embodiments, the further data may include second data that may be transmitted via the sidelink using a second set of congestion control parameters based on the determining that a quality deterioration occurred on the link to the base station.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for flexible transmissions in multipath sidelink relaying. A wireless transmit-receive unit, WTRU, may be configured with a bearer configured for multipath. Such a bearer may have a common, Uu, PDCP layer, but have two separate RLC entities associated with it—a Uu RLC entity for transmission/reception directly on Uu, and a SL RLC entity for transmission/reception via SL, to a WTRU to NW relay. Data on a multipath bearer can be transmitted via the Uu path, the SL path, or both, i.e., duplication. In the case the WTRU is configured for duplication, or decides to enable duplication for a multipath bearer (a duplication bearer), the WTRU may transmit PDCP PDUs both over the Uu path and the SL path.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for faster beam switching in a wireless network. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information including QCL relation information for TCI states. The WTRU may receive beam switching information indicating a first replacement RS beam is associated with a first variable RS beam. The WTRU may determine measurements using the first source RS beam which is associated with a set of RS beams, including the first variable RS beam, as a QCL source for a TCI state according to the QCL relation information. The WTRU may determine measurements using the first replacement RS beam. The WTRU may send, in response to the beam switching information, information indicating that the TCI state is updated to be associated with the first replacement RS beam as the QCL source for the first set of variable RS beams based on the measurements.

Abstract: This disclosure pertains to methods and apparatus for radio link failure, radio link monitoring, and/or radio link recovery in multipath wireless communications. For example, a method implemented by a first WTRU includes receiving configuration information indicating a first and a second radio link configuration and a first and a second threshold, where the first threshold is greater 2024/030493 than the second threshold; determining that uplink data is pending for transmission on a first transmission to a network entity via a second WTRU, where the first transmission is associated with a first communication link; determining a channel condition of a second transmission from the network entity, where the second transmission is associated with a second communication link; and performing a first radio link procedure using the first radio link configuration based on a measurement of the channel condition being greater than the second threshold and less than the first threshold.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products relating or directed to a WTRU performing or determining to perform a mobility event, such as cell switch, handover or reselection, to a network energy savings (NES) cell based on information received from a serving cell on the beams of a first reference signal (RS) configuration and a second RS configuration associated with the NES cell.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are configured for NTN-TN idle mode mobility for network energy savings. A WTRU may receive configuration information for a first and second candidate NTN cell, each associated with different orbit types and power sharing statuses. The WTRU may receive a message to perform suitability determinations for these cells, conduct measurements, and determine if the first cell satisfies suitability conditions based on its power sharing status, orbit type, and measurement. Additionally, the WTRU may receive a second message from a TN cell indicating a shutdown, prompting the exclusion of these TN cells from re-selection.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for utilizing flow control from a relay wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) in multipath operation which includes sidelink communication with a remote WTRU. In a representative example, a relay WTRU may provide flow control information to a remote WTRU. The flow control information may be associated with remote WTRU actions. The remote WTRU may perform one or more actions based on the reception of the flow control information from the relay WTRU.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for cell selection and/or cell selection, such in multipath operation environments. For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive information indicating (e.g., whether or not) serving cells and/or neighbor cells provide multipath operation. Multipath may refer to scenarios where a remote WTRU connects to a network via a direct (e.g., Uu interface) path and an indirect (e.g., PCS interface) path. In an example cell selection procedure, a remote WTRU may evaluate a serving cell based on criteria which may depend on any of multipath availability and/or sidelink measurements with respect to a candidate relay WTRU. In an example cell reselection procedure, a remote WTRU may evaluate a neighbor cell based on criteria which may depend on any of multipath availability and/or sidelink measurements with respect to a candidate relay WTRU.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein for relay selection associated with WTRU-to-WTRU relays. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to perform relay selection associated with WTRU-to-WTRU relays. The WTRU may (e.g., determine to) perform relay (re)selection, for example, based on active traffic and/or performed measurements (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements). The WTRU may perform network assisted relay (re)selection. The WTRU (e.g., in coverage WTRU) may initiate a connection (e.g., RRC connection) or trigger a message (e.g., RRC message), for example, based on WTRU-to-WTRU relaying criteria. The WTRU may report measurements to the network, for example, based on multiple hops.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information. The WTRU may transmit a plurality of codeblock groups (CBGs) corresponding to one or more protocol data units (PDUs) of a first PDU set. The WTRU may receive feedback indicating that at least one of the plurality of CBGs of the first PDU set was not successfully received. The WTRU may determine that dynamic PUSCH resource grants are later in time than a second PUSCH transmission occasion. The WTRU may determine whether to retransmit the at least one of the plurality of CBGs of the first PDU set using the dynamic PUSCH resource grants or using the second PUSCH transmission occasion. The determination may be based on an amount of time remaining in a delay budget for the first PDU set. The WTRU may retransmit the at least one of the plurality of CBGs of the first PDU set.

Abstract: A relay wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive information from at least one remote WTRU and may comprise an indication of a set of sidelink (SL) logical channels (LCHs) that are associated with duplicated data and an indication of a resource allocation mode of the at least one remote WTRU. The relay WTRU may receive information from a network that may comprise an indication of an association of SL LCHs to Uu LCHs. The relay WTRU may trigger a BSR (or SR) when SL LCH data associated with a Uu LCH of the relay WTRU arrives from at least one remote WTRU that has a resource allocation mode of mode 2 and on a condition that at least one SL LCH from the at least one remote WTRU that has a resource allocation mode of mode 2 is not associated with duplicated data.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein for WTRU mobility and cell reselection in energy savings networks. Handover associated with network energy savings (NES) may be performed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may perform a handover from a source cell to a target cell, for example, based on determining that the source cell is entering an NES state and based on determining that a handover condition is satisfied. The WTRU may determine that the handover condition is satisfied but refrain from performing handover until a determination that the source cell is entering an NES state.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and instrumentalities associated with group-based network access such as an initial access to a network by a group of WTRUs. A description of a group-based initial access procedure is provided and messages/signals that may be transmitted or received by a WTRU during the group-based initial access procedure are also described, as well as ways for allocating resources in the group for sending the described messages/signals. The group-based initial access procedure may be performed based on detection of triggering events or conditions, and measurements may be performed to enable the group-based initial access procedure.

Abstract: A WTRU may receive configuration information associated with uplink transmissions over a split bearer. The split bearer may be associated with a first path and a second path. The configuration information may include radio quality thresholds associated with channel conditions over the first path and/or the second path. The WTRU may determine a (e.g., dynamic) transmission distribution percentage associated with UL transmissions over the first path and/or the second path based on at least the configuration information, channel conditions associated with the first path, and/or channel conditions associated with the second path. The WTRU may send uplink data associated with the split bearer based on the determined transmission distribution percentage. The WTRU may send an indication to the network associated with the split bearer. The WTRU may update the split buffer threshold based on channel conditions (e.g., CBR, RSRP, etc.) of the first path and/or the second path.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive assignment information for receiving a first codeword using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) in a first set of resource blocks (RBs), and a second codeword using a second, different MCS in a second set of RBs. The first and second sets of RBs may be in a first time interval in a first bandwidth part using a first subcarrier spacing. The WTRU may transmit, in symbols of the first time interval in the first bandwidth part, the first codeword using the first MCS in the first set of RBs and the second codeword using the second, different MCS in the second set of RBs. At least a portion of the first codeword and at least a portion of the second codeword may be transmitted in at least a first symbol in the symbols in the first time interval.

Abstract: ePDCCH may be provided. For example, a WTRU may receive a configuration for monitoring an ePDCCH resource. Based on the configuration, the WTRU may be configured to monitor and may monitor the ePDCCH resource on a particular subframe. Additionally, a WTRU may derive an aggregation level for a subframe associated with an aggregation level number NAL The WTRU may transmit or monitor an ePDCCH using the aggregation level associated with the NAL for the subframe. A WTRU may also receive a reference signal. The WTRU may then determine the type of reference signal received. The WTRU may perform a demodulation of the PDSCH or ePDCCH using a demodulation timing based on the determined type. The ePDCCH or PDSCH may also be monitored or received by identifying a demodulation reference timing implicitly based on a location of one or more ePDCCH resources where the WTRU may receive DCI.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described hereinfor connection management and recovery associated with multipath sidelink relays. A relay wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may provide a remote WTRU with RRC state information associated with the relay WTRU. The WTRU may receive configuration information indicating conditions to initiate a relay (re) selection or PC5-RRC connection to a relay WTRU. Conditions may be provided for initiating transmission over a relayed (e.g., secondary) path, where the conditions may depend on the RRC state information at the relay WTRU, a cell ID, and/or QoS.