Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for determining an increased risk of maternal cardiovascular disease caused by an infection comprising: obtaining, or having obtained, a biological sample from a subject at risk of, of having had a pre-term birth; measuring fetal microchimeric cells or fetal extracellular vesicles in the biological sample; and using a machine learning algorithm calculating a risk of cardiovascular disease based on the an increase or a decrease in fetal microchimeric cells in the biological sample when compared to a maternal sample from a subject that does not have an infection.

Abstract: The present invention includes compositions and methods of treating a pregnant female subject at risk of preterm birth, comprising administering to the pregnant female subject an effective amount of an exosome that comprises a nucleic acid that expresses IL-10 or that comprises IL-10, wherein the effective amount of the IL-10 is effective to reduce, prevent or delay preterm birth