Abstract: A method and apparatus for making carbon-encapsulated ultrafine metal particles, in which metal powder intended for encapsulation is injected at a rate up to 25 grams per minutes into a plasma arc so that the metal powder is vaporized. The vaporized metal powder is then mixed with an active gas flow, which consists of hydrocarbons, filled in the surrounding area of the plasma arc, and thereby the vaporized metal powder and the active gas interact continuously producing carbon encapsulated ultrafine metal particles that are remarkably predictable in particle size, distribution of sizes and atomic composition.

Abstract: A method of protecting carbon-containing component parts of metallurgical units from oxidation comprises impregnating a component part with orthophosphoric acid to form a glassy mass in the pores of the component part when the latter is heated, drying the component part until the moisture is removed from the pores thereof, additionally impregnating the component part with an elemental organic compound comprising an element: Si, or Ti, or Al and capable of forming a phosphate, and heating the impregnated component part to the temperature at which phosphates are formed.