Abstract: The present invention discloses methods and systems for transdermally stimulating a muscle. The method comprising or including: a) contacting a surface of the skin in proximity to a target muscle with at least two electrodes; b) energizing the at least two electrodes to expose the target muscle to a first voltage having a first polarity for a first time period; and c) energizing the at least two electrodes to expose the target muscle to a second voltage having a second polarity, opposite the first polarity, for a second time period. The system and method enable to vary the polarity of the voltage to which the target muscle is exposed is sufficient to stimulate the target muscle.

Abstract: Non-invasive methods for detecting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and identifying the presence or absence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a subject utilize one or more biomarkers. The methods can differentiate between subjects with NASH and those with simple steatosis. Kits containing one or more agents for measuring the level of the biomarkers can be utilized to perform the described methods.

Abstract: A tumor discriminator determines if a biological sample is diseaseous. Summarized expression value samples in a reference dataset are determined. The summarized expression value being a summation of gene expression levels for disease and normal samples. A biological sample summarized expression value is determined using a gene expression profile for a biological sample. A disease sample distance is estimated from the biological sample summarized expression value to a location in the disease sample space. The disease sample space defined by a statistical analysis of the disease samples. A normal sample distance is estimate from the biological sample summarized expression value to a location in the normal sample space The normal sample space defined by a statistical analysis of the normal samples. The disease sample distance is compared with the normal sample distance to determine if the biological sample is diseaseous.

Abstract: Anti-inflammatory effect of ?-MSH-like compounds can be employed for curtailing sequelae of obesity and overweight. Importantly, molecular compounds that stimulate melanin biosynthesis by mimicking the effects of ?-MSH are readily available for trials aimed at control of metabolic syndrome components. Synthetic agonists of ?-MSH receptors, melanotan II and bremelanotide, have already been proven safe in human trials for therapeutic tanning and some non-obesity-related diseases. The abatement of the non-communicable age-related diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, type 2 diabetes and chronic lower respiratory diseases is a global challenge assigned high priority by The World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. Tobacco smoking, physical inactivity and the resulting obesity are established risk factors for many NCDs. The pathogenesis of NCDs is complex. Moreover, each chronic illness of NCD type cannot be considered in isolation as they share common, usually related risk factors [2].

Abstract: A promoter comprising nucleotides from positions 2489-3038 of FIG. 3.

Abstract: A promoter comprising nucleotides from positions 2489-3038 of FIG. 3.