Abstract: The present application provides compositions that are provided within a semi-permeable membrane. The compositions can include a particulate material, such as a cellulose, a sugar alcohol, and nicotine. The composition can provide a fast onset of action of the nicotine in the mouth of a user. In particular, when subjected to an in vitro dissolution test using UV detection, about 30% or more of the total content of the nicotine is released from the composition within 30 minutes.

Abstract: There is presented a method for geometrically modifying high-index dielectric structures on a support structure which includes steps of providing a support structure and a first plurality of high-index dielectric structures supported by the support structure. The method includes changing a geometry of the high-index dielectric structures within a second plurality of high-index dielectric structures, being a sub-set of the first plurality of high-index dielectric structures. The geometry is changed by photothermally melting some of the high-index dielectric structures within the second plurality of high-index dielectric structures by irradiating them with incident electromagnetic radiation, and thereby exciting resonances associated with each of the high-index dielectric structures within the second plurality of high-index dielectric structures.

Abstract: A planar waveguide device (PWD) for interacting with a fluid (FLD) is disclosed, the planar waveguide device (PWD) comprising a waveguide layer (WGL) for supporting optical confinement, a coupling arrangement (CPA) for in-coupling and out-coupling of light into and from the waveguide layer (WGL), a fluid zone (FZN) for accommodating the fluid (FLD), a filter layer (FTL) arranged between the fluid zone (FZN) and the waveguide layer (WGL) in an interaction region (IAR) of the waveguide layer (WGL), wherein the filter layer (FTL) comprises filter openings (FOP) arranged to allow the fluid (FLD) to interact with an evanescent field of light guided by the waveguide layer (WGL), wherein the filter openings (FOP) are adapted to prevent particles (PAR) larger than a predefined size from interacting with said evanescent field, wherein the filter openings (FOP) are arranged as line openings having their longitudinal direction in parallel with the direction of propagation (DOP) of light guided by the waveguide lay

Abstract: There is presented a method for geometrically modifying plasmonic structures on a support structure, such as for printing or recording, said method comprising changing a geometry specifically of plasmonic structures, wherein said changing the geometry is carried out by photothermally melting at least a portion of each of the plasmonic structures within the second plurality of plasmonic structures by irradiating, the plasmonic structures with incident electromagnetic radiation having an incident intensity in a plane of the second plurality of plasmonic structures, wherein said incident intensity is less than an incident intensity required to melt a film of a corresponding material and a corresponding thickness as the plasmonic structures within the second plurality of plasmonic structures.

Abstract: A planar waveguide device (PWD) for interacting with a fluid (FLD) is disclosed, the planar waveguide device (PWD) comprising a waveguide layer (WGL) for supporting optical confinement, a coupling arrangement (CPA) for in-coupling and out-coupling of light into and from the waveguide layer (WGL), a fluid zone (FZN) for accommodating the fluid (FLD), a filter layer (FTL) arranged between the fluid zone (FZN) and the waveguide layer (WGL) in an interaction region (IAR) of the waveguide layer (WGL), wherein the filter layer (FTL) comprises filter openings (FOP) arranged to allow the fluid (FLD) to interact with an evanescent field of light guided by the waveguide layer (WGL), wherein the filter openings (FOP) are adapted to prevent particles (PAR) larger than a predefined size from interacting with said evanescent field, wherein the filter openings (FOP) are arranged as line openings having their longitudinal direction in parallel with the direction of propagation (DOP) of light guided by the waveguide lay

Abstract: A method and a micro fluidic device comprising at least one micro fluidic structure for differential extraction of nuclear and extra-nuclear constituents of a single cell, said micro fluidic structure comprising a feeding channel for receiving a volume of a sample containing at least one cell, at least one trapping structure for capturing a single cell, and at least one output channel in fluid connection with the at least one trapping structure, wherein the at least one trapping structure extends from one side of the feeding channel substantially perpendicular to longitudinal axis of the feeding channel, the at least one trapping structure possessing an aperture at its end opposite to the fluid channel and in fluid communication with an output channel, said aperture being configured to provide a narrow section such that the nucleus of a cell captured in the trapping structure cannot pass through said narrow section into the output channel.

Abstract: A planar waveguide device (PWD) for interacting with a fluid (FLD) is disclosed, the planar waveguide device (PWD) comprising a waveguide layer (WGL) for supporting optical confinement, a coupling arrangement (CPA) for in-coupling and out-coupling of light into and from the waveguide layer (WGL), a fluid zone (FZN) for accommodating the fluid (FLD), a filter layer (FTL) arranged between the fluid zone (FZN) and the waveguide layer (WGL) in an interaction region (IAR) of the waveguide layer (WGL), wherein the filter layer (FTL) comprises filter openings (FOP) arranged to allow the fluid (FLD) to interact with an evanescent field of light guided by the waveguide layer (WGL), wherein the filter openings (FOP) are adapted to prevent particles (PAR) larger than a predefined size from interacting with said evanescent field, wherein the filter openings (FOP) are arranged as line openings having their longitudinal direction in parallel with the direction of propagation (DOP) of light guided by the waveguide lay

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include a cuvette (100) for use in determining a refractive index of a sample matter in a spectrophotometer (600), the cuvette comprising a container (102) for holding the sample matter, the container (102) having an entry window (121) that allows input radiation to reach the sample matter, the container furthermore having an exit window (122) that allows a part of the input radiation to exit the container part, the entry window and the exit window defining a radiation path; and comprising a photonic crystal (101) rigidly attached to the container or integrally formed in the container and arranged in the radiation path, the photonic crystal having a grating part (111) causing a reflectance spectrum of the photonic crystal to exhibit a resonance. A spectrophotometer is also provided.

Abstract: There is presented a method for geometrically modifying high-index dielectric structures on a support structure, said method comprising providing a support structure, a first plurality of high-index dielectric structures being supported by the support structure, said method further comprising changing a geometry specifically of high-index dielectric structures within a second plurality of high-index dielectric structures, wherein the second plurality of high-index dielectric structures is a sub-set of the first plurality of high-index dielectric structures, wherein said changing the geometry is carried out by photothermally melting at least a portion of each of the high-index dielectric structures within the second plurality of high-index dielectric structures by irradiating the second plurality of high-index dielectric structures with incident electromagnetic radiation having an incident intensity in a plane of the second plurality of high-index dielectric structures, and thereby exciting resonances associat

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include a cuvette (100) for use in determining a refractive index of a sample matter in a spectrophotometer (600), the cuvette comprising a container (102) for holding the sample matter, the container (102) having an entry window (121) that allows input radiation to reach the sample matter, the container furthermore having an exit window (122) that allows a part of the input radiation to exit the container part, the entry window and the exit window defining a radiation path; and comprising a photonic crystal (101) rigidly attached to the container or integrally formed in the container and arranged in the radiation path, the photonic crystal having a grating part (111) causing a reflectance spectrum of the photonic crystal to exhibit a resonance. A spectrophotometer is also provided.

Abstract: A surface refractive index acquisition system for characterization of a sample is provided. The system comprises a grating device configured to receive the sample, and first and second grating regions. First and second grating periods are selected to provide optical resonances for light respectively in first and second wavelength bands. A light source is configured to illuminate part of the first and second grating regions simultaneously. An imaging system is configured to image light from the grating device and comprises an optical element focusing light in a transverse direction and being invariant in an orthogonal transverse direction, the optical element being oriented such that the longitudinal direction of the grating device is oriented to coincide with the invariant direction of the optical element, and an imaging spectrometer comprising an entrance slit having a longitudinal direction oriented to coincide with the invariant direction of the optical element.

Abstract: There is presented a method for geometrically modifying plasmonic structures on a support structure, such as for printing or recording, said method comprising changing a geometry specifically of plasmonic structures, wherein said changing the geometry is carried out by photothermally melting at least a portion of each of the plasmonic structures within the second plurality of plasmonic structures by irradiating, the plasmonic structures with incident electromagnetic radiation having an incident intensity in a plane of the second plurality of plasmonic structures, wherein said incident intensity is less than an incident intensity required to melt a film of a corresponding material and a corresponding thickness as the plasmonic structures within the second plurality of plasmonic structures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surface refractive index scanning system for characterization of a sample. The system comprises a grating device for holding or receiving the sample, the device comprising at least a first grating region having a first grating width along a transverse direction, and a second grating region having a second grating width in the transverse direction. The first grating region and the second grating region are adjacent in the transverse direction, wherein the first grating region has a grating period ?1 in a longitudinal direction, and the second grating region has a grating period ?2 in the longitudinal direction, where the longitudinal direction is orthogonal to the transverse direction. A grating period spacing ??=?1-?2 is finite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nanostructured product with a structurally coloured surface. The nanostructured product includes a substrate with a nanostructured surface having nano-sized pillars or holes arranged in a periodic pattern and extending into or out from the substrate. The bottoms of the nano-sized holes or the tops of nano-sized pillars are provided with metal layers electrically isolated and distanced from a base surface of the nanostructured surface. A transparent or translucent protective layer covers the substrate and the metal layers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nanostructured product with a structurally coloured surface. The structurally coloured surface is obtained by providing a nanostructured surface on a substrate which may be a plastic material, and by providing a covering metal layer on the nanostructured surface. The metal layer generates broad band absorbance of light in a visible spectral range so that the structurally coloured surface appears dark, e.g. appears to have a grey or black colour.

Abstract: The invention provides a microfluidic device for mixing liquid reagents, the device comprises, a chip forming at least one reaction chamber between a bottom and a top and extending between an inlet and an outlet. To enable manufacturing from less rigid materials, the device comprises pillars extending from the bottom to the top. The invention further provides a method of mixing reagents by use of the device.

Abstract: The invention provides a microfluidic device for macromolecule amplification by sequential addition of liquid reagents. The device of the invention comprises a chip forming a plurality of reaction chambers each extending between an inlet and an outlet, each inlet being in fluid communication with a common junction via micro channels. To enable amplification of DNA, e.g. by MDA, the device comprises a diffusion barrier at each inlet configured to increase the pressure threshold for a reagent to cross the resistor. The invention further provides a method of mixing liquid reagents by use of the device where single DNA molecules are allowed to cross the diffusion barrier individually.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical device having a nano-structured surface capable of providing a structural color to a normal human viewer, the device made being manufactured in one single material. A plurality of nano-structured protrusions (5) is further arranged with a first periodicity (P1) in a first direction and a second periodicity (P2) in a second direction, the first and second periodicity being chosen so that the optical reflection is dominated by specular reflection. The nano-structured protrusions are optionally arranged with a relative spatial randomness (SR) with respect to the average surface positions. The position, size, and randomness of the protrusions are arranged so as to provide, at least up to a maximum angle of incidence (A_in) with respect to a normal to the surface, an angle-independent substantially homogeneous structural color perception for a normal human viewer, at least up to a maximum observation angle (A_obs) with respect to a normal to the surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for embedded a micrometer and/or nanometer pattern into an injection molding tool. In a first main aspect, a micro/nanometer structured imprinting device is applied in, or on, an active surface so as to transfer the micro/nanometer patterned structure to the tool while the imprinting device is, at least partly, within a cavity of the injection molding tool. In a second main aspect, a base plate with a micro/nanometer structured pattern positioned on an upper part is positioned on the active surface within the tool, the lower part of the base plate facing the tool, the active surface receiving the base plate being non-planar on a macroscopic scale. Both aspects enable a simple and effective way of transferring the pattern, and the pattern may be transferred on the active working site of tool immediately prior to molding without the need for extensive preparations or remounting of the tool before performing the molding process.

Abstract: A microfluidic device and method for enzymatic processing of ultra-long macromolecules is accomplished using a microfluidic device a reaction chamber with a first manifold, a second manifold, and a plurality of reaction channels. Each reaction channel extends from the first manifold to the second manifold. First inlet and outlet channels fill the reaction channels via the manifolds with one or more macromolecule containers suspended in a first carrier fluid. The first inlet and outlet channels are configured such that a flow is guided through the reaction channels, and an enzymatic reagent is fed to the reaction chamber essentially without displacing the macromolecule containers trapped in the reaction channels. The second set of inlets and outlets are configured such that a flow established from the second inlet to the second outlet is guided through at least one of the manifolds and bypasses the reaction channels.