Abstract: The invention refers to a method for black liquor gasification in recovery boilers, of the type having a lower portion, referred to as a lower furnace and an upper portion, referred to as an upper furnace, black liquor sprayers for introduction of black liquor provided in the boiler above the lower furnace, and a number of combustion air levels, whereby the invention incorporates adding oxygen enriched air to the combustion air or directly into the lower furnace at at least one air level underneath the liquor sprayers for the purpose of creating the best possible reducing conditions in the lower furnace, redistributing from the lower furnace combustion air not needed therein following the addition of oxygen enriched air, thereby significantly reducing upward gas velocity underneath the black liquor sprayers, and introducing the redistributed combustion air in the upper furnace, thereby creating the reducing conditions and a controlled temperature in the lower furnace for emission control.

Abstract: The invention refers to a method for black liquor gasification in recovery boilers, of the type having a lower portion, referred to as a lower furnace and an upper portion, referred to as an upper furnace, black liquor sprayers for introduction of black liquor provided in the boiler above the lower furnace, and a number of combustion air levels, whereby the invention incorporates adding oxygen enriched air to the combustion air or directly into the lower furnace at at least one air level underneath the liquor sprayers for the purpose of creating the best possible reducing conditions in the lower furnace, redistributing from the lower furnace combustion air not needed therein following said addition of oxygen enriched air, thereby significantly reducing upward gas velocity underneath the black liquor sprayers, and introducing said redistributed combustion air in the upper furnace, thereby creating the reducing conditions and a controlled temperature in the lower furnace for emission control.

Abstract: The invention refers to a method for black liquor gasification in recovery boilers, of the type having a lower portion, referred to as a lower furnace and an upper portion, referred to as an upper furnace, black liquor sprayers for introduction of black liquor provided in the boiler above the lower furnace, and a number of combustion air levels, whereby the invention incorporates adding oxygen enriched air to the combustion air or directly into the lower furnace at at least one air level underneath the liquor sprayers for the purpose of creating the best possible reducing conditions in the lower furnace, redistributing from the lower furnace combustion air not needed therein following the addition of oxygen enriched air, thereby significantly reducing upward gas velocity underneath the black liquor sprayers, and introducing the redistributed combustion air in the upper furnace, thereby creating the reducing conditions and a controlled temperature in the lower furnace for emission control.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustion chamber (3) is provided with a perforated bottom plate (4) into which air nozzles (18, 19) are pressed in a manner similar to that used for tubes in a tube sheet of a heat exchanger. About one-third of the nozzles (18) are connected to a startup or auxiliary combustion chamber (14) for blowing in hot gas for heating the bed to the flash-point or ignition temperature of the fuel. Further, the bottom plate is insulated (20) between the nozzles. (FIGS. 1, 4.) A method of operating such a combustion chamber also is disclosed.

Abstract: A gas turbine plant having a gas turbine and an associated compressor that is operated to produce compressed air. The compressed air is applied to support the combustion of an ignited fluidized bed of combustible material disposed within a main combustion chamber. Combustion gases from the fluidized bed are applied to drive the turbine and the compressor. Auxiliary heating chambers are employed to heat the combustible material of the fluidized bed to an ignition temperature over a turbine start-up interval. An ignition combustion chamber is connected in parallel with the fluidized bed and is operated during the turbine start-up interval to apply its combustion gases to drive the unloaded or lightly loaded turbine and compressor.

Abstract: A steam power plant includes a nuclear reactor for generating a supply of steam. The steam is conducted to a first turbine which forms a high pressure stage of the steam power plant. A second turbine which is located downstream of the first turbine forms an intermediate pressure stage. Additional turbines may be arranged so as to provide still lower pressure stages for the power plant. To prevent corrosion, hydrogen peroxide is added to the steam immediately upstream of the first turbine. Additional hydrogen peroxide may be added immediately upstream of subsequent turbines. The hydrogen peroxide is added by spraying and is preferably supplied in a concentration of 25 to 50 parts per billion of steam. Preferably, the hydrogen peroxide is in a concentration of 1% to 5% prior to spraying.

Abstract: A gas turbine plant having a combustion chamber (1) separate from the turbine (15) includes a conduit (16) with an inner tube (17), which conducts heated propellant gas from the combustion chamber (1) to the turbine (15); and an outer tube (18), which surrounds the inner tube (17) to form an annular gap (20) which conducts compressed air from a compressor (10) to the combustion chamber (1). (FIG. 1.

Abstract: A pressurized combustion chamber assembly wherein a fluidized bed extends in a longitudinal direction through an elongated, cylindrically shaped outer casing. A multi-stage cleaning plant is positioned within the casing, whereby a plurality of cleaning devices are each connected in parallel to an outlet of the fluidized bed and a plurality of second stage cleaning devices are each connected to an outlet of one of the first stage cleaning devices, respectively. The combustion chamber assembly is formed from a plurality of separate prefabricated chamber modules separably attached to one another.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustion chamber adaptable for use with relatively large gas turbines and the like, wherein a substantially spherically-shaped outer casing encloses an annular fluidized bed combustion chamber which is mounted on a double bottom air distribution box. A cleaning assembly is positioned within the fluidized bed and the entire combustion chamber is supported on a base plate which extends through the casing and into contact with the box. Compressed air enters the spherical casing, is directed through a pair of cooling gaps, is caused to enter the air distribution box and then passes through the fluidized bed.

Abstract: A cleaning plant positioned within an annular fluidized bed combustion chamber is divided into a plurality of separate cleaning stages, wherein a first stage is located adjacent the fluidized bed and additional stages are arranged within the first stage. Each stage comprises a plurality of separate cleaning devices which act in parallel, while cleaning devices of different stages act in series to remove debris from the combustion gases that exit from the fluidized bed combustion chamber.

Abstract: A pipeline consisting of lengths of steel pipe welded together in end-to-end relation is made by first weld-plating the internal surface of the end portions of each individual pipe length with a corrosion-resistant material. A protective layer is then applied to the internal surface of each pipe length between the weld-plated end portions, the latter having first been smoothed down by machining to the desired finished thickness of the protective layer. The pipe lengths are then welded together in end-to-end relation. The welding operation consists of first depositing a root bead encircling the pipe at the junction of the ends of the weld-plated material. Weld material is then deposited in and fills out the gap between bevelled edges of the pipe ends to substantially the outside diameter of the pipe.