Abstract: A method for positioning a digital template of a prosthesis based on computerized measurement of the width of the medullar space in an 2-dimensional projection image of the relevant bone into which the prosthesis is to be inserted, the method comprising detecting, preferably automatically, the edges of the medullar space, the edges being detected in a region of interest; determining a position of the template along, such as parallel to, the main bone orientation in such a manner that one or more points on the template and one or more other points in the image has a pre-defined geometrical relationship; and determining an orientation of the digital template and a position orthogonal to the main bone orientation such that the contours of the templates fit the detected edges of the medullar space.

Abstract: A method and a system to be used pre-operatively to obtain guidance in the proper dimensions and model of implants to be implanted in a living body is described. The method includes the steps of determining a diameter of a template of a cup portion of a body part, determining a position of a center of said cup portion in an image of said body part, determining an orientation of said body part, and determining a location of a shaft of a bone associated with said body part. A system for performing the method is described.

Abstract: A method for estimating the bone quality or skeletal status of a vertebrate on the basis of two-dimensional image data comprising information relating to the cortical bone of at least a part of a bone of the vertebrate, the image data being data obtained by exposing at least the part of the bone to electromagnetic radiation, the method comprising estimating the bone quality or skeletal status on the basis of a a grey value difference between oblong density variations in the image data and other parts of the image data. These oblong density variations may be caused by osteoporosis, osteopenia or hyperparathyroidism or other bone disorders is called “intra cortical resorption”, “periosteal resorption”, “endosteal resorption”, “striation”, “scalloping”, or “spongiosation”.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for tracking the LRU state of memory locations in data ways or nodes is provided. Vectors are utilized between each entry in each node with the direction of the vectors corresponding to the LRU state of an entry. The vectors are stored within a vector table. Vector r/w control is provided to update only those vectors corresponding to entries that are being accessed, with the update occurring without regard to the LRU state of entries that are not being accessed. A vector mask is coupled between the vector r/w control and the vector table to prevent update of vectors corresponding to entries that are not being accessed. When an entry (such as a cache line in a set associative cache) within the node is accessed, the vectors associated with the node are updated to reflect the access, with no need to determine the LRU state of other nodes.

Abstract: A method for estimating the bone quality, or skeletal status of a vertebrate on the basis of two-dimensional image data of cortical bone, and which is determined from a density variation of the cortical bone. Intra cortical resorption, scalloping, spongiosation, striation, periosteal resorption, and/or endosteal resorption caused by osteoporosis, osteopenia or hyperparathyroidism may be determined as oblong density variations detected by filtering the image data with two oblong Gaussian kernels (using a Difference Of Gaussian technique) or at corresponding frequencies in the power spectrum.