Abstract: A strengthening apparatus for a tower with two ends, one end being wider than the other. The apparatus includes a unitary V-shaped extrusion member with two arms connected to a junction. The arms are respectively secured to two outer tower frames of three legs which are disposed in a spaced apart equilateral triangle configuration. The legs are located at a tower base located near the first end of the tower. The extrusion members are made from a weatherproof material having one strength. Three stabilizers are connected to each of the legs. The stabilizers are configured to balance the tower and are made from a strengthening material having a strength sufficient to counter the first strength of the waterproof material.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a method and apparatus for guaranteeing symmetrical delay in both directions for a Time-Division Multiplexing Pseudowire (“TDM-PW”) service on a packet switching network (“PSN”), the method including the steps of using a transport method to specify a first path including a corresponding pair of unidirectional service tunnels for the TDM PW service between a master router and a slave router, detecting a failure on either of the corresponding pair of unidirectional service tunnels of the first path between the master router and the slave router, switching the master router and the slave router to a second path including a corresponding pair of unidirectional service tunnels, resetting a jitter buffer on the master router and the slave router and adjusting the jitter buffer to a halfway point, and transmitting and receiving data using the second path including the corresponding pair of unidirectional service tunnels.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a method and apparatus for guaranteeing symmetrical delay in both directions for a Time-Division Multiplexing Pseudowire (“TDM-PW”) service on a packet switching network (“PSN”), the method including the steps of using a transport method to specify a first path including a corresponding pair of unidirectional service tunnels for the TDM PW service between a master router and a slave router, detecting a failure on either of the corresponding pair of unidirectional service tunnels of the first path between the master router and the slave router, switching the master router and the slave router to a second path including a corresponding pair of unidirectional service tunnels, resetting a jitter buffer on the master router and the slave router and adjusting the jitter buffer to a halfway point, and transmitting and receiving data using the second path including the corresponding pair of unidirectional service tunnels.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of recovering synchronization for multiple-link communications are disclosed. Streams of communication traffic on a plurality of communication links from which communication traffic is to be extracted and combined into a single communication traffic stream are monitored for receipt of synchronization information for each link. In the event that an error occurs in receipt of the synchronization information for any of the communication links, a stream received on each affected link is modified. For example, traffic may be removed from or inserted into a received stream where synchronization information for a link is received twice or received earlier than expected, respectively. If synchronization information for a link is missing, then it may be generated and inserted into the stream received on that link.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of recovering synchronization for multiple-link communications are disclosed. Streams of communication traffic on a plurality of communication links from which communication traffic is to be extracted and combined into a single communication traffic stream are monitored for receipt of synchronization information for each link. In the event that an error occurs in receipt of the synchronization information for any of the communication links, a stream received on each affected link is modified. For example, traffic may be removed from or inserted into a received stream where synchronization information for a link is received twice or received earlier than expected, respectively. If synchronization information for a link is missing, then it may be generated and inserted into the stream received on that link.

Abstract: A system and method for calculating round trip delay (RTD) values in a switched digital network such as an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network. A loopback cell such as an ATM operation and maintenance (OAM) cell is used to carry a delta value through the network. The delta value, which represents a processing interval at a loopback node or an intermediate node, is calculated utilizing timestamps generated at specific ingress and egress ports of network nodes. Cell Transfer Delay (CTD) and Cell Delay Variations (CDV) values are calculated based on the measured RTD.